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Measles is an endemic disease, meaning it has been continually present in a community, and many people develop resistance. In populations not exposed to measles, exposure to the new disease can be devastating. In 1529, a measles outbreak in Cuba killed two-thirds of those natives who had previously survived smallpox. Two years later, measles was responsible for the deaths of half the population of Honduras, and it had ravaged Mexico, Central America, and the Inca civilization.[75]
Between roughly 1855 and 2005, measles has been estimated to have killed about 200 million people worldwide.[76] Measles killed 20 percent of Hawaii's population in the 1850s.[77] In 1875, measles killed over 40,000 Fijians, approximately one-third of the population.[78] In the 19th century, the disease killed 50% of the Andamanese population.[79] Seven to eight million children are thought to have died from measles each year before the vaccine was introduced.[11]
In 1954, the virus causing the disease was isolated from a 13-year-old boy from the United States, David Edmonston, and adapted and propagated on chick embryo tissue culture.[80] To date, 21 strains of the measles virus have been identified.[81] While at Merck, Maurice Hilleman developed the first successful vaccine.[82] Licensed vaccines to prevent the disease became available in 1963.[83] An improved measles vaccine became available in 1968.[84]

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles#History