"If there is a Cosmic Inventor who gave atoms their qualities, who invented the Inventor? After all, according to this way of thinking nothing can just happen without an inventor, therefore an inventor - by the rules of the given logic - requires an inventor, who requires an inventor who requires an inventor......"
I'm inclined to think Chippy needs a bit of help here.
Simply put, cause and effect, given rules of logic and inventors are all attributes of the created Universe.
Time .. I'm not sure about.
However, most certainly the Prime Creator is not limited by the attributes of His creation except if He dabbled in it directly though I can think of no reason why He would, having created a whole host of Laws and processes that spawn other laws and processes, together with different levels of sentience and consciousness to administer it.
In other words, the Prime Creator required no previous Creator as a cause.
AKA "The Prime cause of all causes requires no cause."