Ann: Icewine 2 Drilling Update - Total Depth Reached, page-31

O8

see answers below to yr 5 questions.

1) Post wireline logging ops they will run a production liner, in this case it's 4.5" dia series of pipes that's run in & cemented over the open hole section. This essentially protects the hole from caving in amongst other things.

2) After cementing the liner, the rig is sent off to its nxt contract. Norm is to mobilise a contractor with a coiled tubing unit to enter the well & perform relevant operations.

3) The reservoir at IW#2 is called 'HRZ Shale' which is a tight formation unlike conventional reservoirs. After logging is complete they'll know the actual gross/net thickness of the HRZ & work out the Test interval from 1xxxx ft to 1xxxx ft depth. Unlike Sandstone reservoirs, Permeability of Shales is tight (in Nano-Darcies), hence the need to perforate using Proppants. During drilling they circulate the hole with mud, so the mud brings up the rock cuttings & also any HC's over the shaker. Any gas shows r recorded on a mudlog after analysed via a gas chromatograph, so a breakdown of the components (C1, C2, C3, iC4, nC4) on a graph is available for the Client. Depending on movable oil in the rock, u may get a film of oil over the shakers or if they cut a core then u get 'bleeding' cores.

4) Stimulation basically is triggering a gun inside the production section. This releases 'bullets' that pierce through the liner. This is followed by pumping the 'proppant' at high pressure to induce fractures in the Shale. A Proppant is basically a blended slurry of fine Silica or ceramic beads of known mesh size (20/40 mesh as an example). These essentially help to prop up the fractures. Over time any fluid in the fractures seeps out gradually.

5) On the surface, u use a assembly referred to as Xmas Tree that's got a Choke Manifold hooked up. It is here that one opens the choke & records the flowback of any fluids to surface. At the same time, pressure in PSI is also monitored. One normally uses smaller dia choke (referred to as qtr inch, half inch etc) for flowback to optimise flowrate & prevent formation damage. So initially, u get barrels of Proppant fluid back to surface & then any HC's from the Shale. Gas is usually flared off. In this case it will b run through a Separator where it can b 'flashed' to produce any 'volatile oil'.
This 'production testing' is done over many days & any HC's recovered are measured & reported by the Operator in its updates.

Hope this helps. GLTA.