UNISA flow battery, page-7

Doesn't say vanadium flow battery though. There are other types of flow battery.

I recently sold my small pilot buy only to see the price move up. I haven't given up on vanadium or AVL (actually think AVL has lifted its game a bit - reported some good scaling numbers in a report, seems to be leaving blesberg alone) but decided I wanted to do a bit more research first. Willing to risk losing some positive share price action while I do a bit more research and while I watch to see if Vince and the China initiatives focus and bear fruit.

The question in my own mind on vanadium in batteries is - because so much of the price of the batteries/storage solution is the price of vanadium - will that act as a deterrent to widespread adoption of vrfbs in comparison with other storage solutions.

There is plenty of vanadium in the world but can it be produced cheaply enough to become a reliable and cost effective solution when the world discovers it wants solutions if much of the world jumps on the battery/storage bandwagon at the same time.

Hydrogen fuel cell stacks and thermal energy storage - are two other techs mentioned in the article. Pumped hydro and a variety of other techs exist as well. No doubt a range of techs will be used and vrfb will be amongst that range - but whether they will be niche (because of the cost of vanadium production) or a a significant percentage part of the total global grid storage I don't yet know.

Can vanadium even beat lithium on price in grid storage when the cost of the vanadium needed is compared with the cost of the lithium needed even given the lithium will need to be replaced far more quickly?

Will liquid metal be cheaper?

Just thinking out loud and being open to discussion.