A geophysical survey method conducted from an aircraft that measures the magnetic intensities of the rock units below. Ag The chemical symbol for the metallic element silver. aircore drilling A method of rotary drilling whereby rock chips are recovered by air flow returning inside the rods. Al The chemical symbol for the metallic element aluminium. Alluvium Detrital sediment laid down by water, especially by rivers or streams. alteration A change in mineralogical composition of a rock commonly brought about by reactions with hydrothermal fluids or weathering. amphibolite A metamorphic rock composed predominantly of amphibole and plagioclase. Andesite A volcanic rock of intermediate colour and composition Anomaly An area highlighted by a geochemical or geophysical survey as possessing greater than background metal values or physical characteristics. Anticline Rock strata folded in a convex upward manner. Archaean The oldest rocks of the Pre Cambrian Era, older than about 2500 million years. Arsenopyrite A sulphide mineral of arsenic and iron. Assay A laboratory procedure for determining the presence or quantity of a component. Au The chemical symbol for the metallic element gold. Auger sampling A drilling process using a spiral auger to drill and sample generally unconsolidated sediments. Ba The chemical symbol for the element barium. Basal At the base of. Basalt An extrusive volcanic rock: dark coloured, finegrained, composed mainly of feldspar and pyroxene. Base metals The more common and chemically active metals, especially. copper, lead, zinc, and nickel. Basement The igneous and metamorphic crust of the earth, underlying sedimentary deposits. Bedrock Solid rock underlying surficial deposits. billion 1,000 million. Biotite A black platy mineral. Carbonaceous Containing carbon. carbonate A compound containing the radical CO3; commonly calcium carbonate or calcium-magnesium carbonate. Chalcopyrite The sulphide mineral of copper; CuFeS2. Chert Very fine-grained rock composed of silica. Chlorite A pale-green platy hydrous silicate mineral related to mica. Clastic Consisting of fragments that have been moved from their place of origin. Conglomerate A clastic sedimentary rock containing rounded pebbles or boulders Copper (Cu) The metallic element (Its chemical symbol). Cr The chemical symbol for the metallic element chromium. Cumulate An igneous rock formed by the accumulation of crystals that crystallised within a magma and then settled to the base of the magma. Craton Large, and usually ancient, stable mass of the earth’s crust. Deformation A general term for the process of folding, faulting, shearing, compression or extension of rocks as a result of stress. Diamond drilling Method of obtaining cylindrical core of rock by drilling with a diamond-set or diamondimpregnated bit. Disseminated Mineralisation in which mineral grains (especially sulphides) are dispersed throughout a host rock (as against being concentrated in a massive band). Dolarenite Dolomite rock consisting of sand sized grains. Dolerite A medium grained mafic intrusive rock composed mostly of pyroxene and plagioclase. Dololutite Dolomite rock consisting of clay sized particles. Dolomite The mineral CaMg(Co3)2, or the rock composed of the mineral. Dolostone A rock composed of the mineral dolomite. Dolorudite A dolomitic rock composed of fragments larger than sand sized. Dyke Thin, sheet-like intrusion of magmatic rock. EM Electro-magnetic; a geophysical exploration method. Evaporite A sedimentary rock formed by the evaporation of saline water. Fault A fracture in rock along which there has been relative displacement of the two sides either vertically or horizontally Fe The chemical symbol for the metallic element iron. Feldspars A group of pale coloured silicate minerals that are a common component of igneous rocks. Felsic Descriptive of light coloured rock containing an abundance of feldspar (generally potassium rich) and quartz. Fold A bend in strata or any planar structure. g/t Grams per tonne. gabbro A coarse grained intrusive rock, which is low in silica and has relatively high levels or iron and magnesium minerals. Galena The common sulphide mineral of lead. Geochemistry The study of the abundance of elements in rocks and soil by chemical methods. Geophysics The study and measurement of the physical properties of rocks and geological formations. GEOTEM A proprietary electromagnetic geophysical exploration method. Gold The metallic element (chemical symbol Au). Grade Expression of relative quality (e.g high grade) or of numerical quality (e.g. 1.2% Ni). Granite Light coloured, coarse-grained, intrusive igneous rock; comprises large sections of the Earth’s continental crust. Granitoid A field term for a coarse grained felsic rock resembling granite. Greenschist facies A group of weakly metamorphosed rocks. Greenstone A field term for metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. Hinge A line that separates a relatively unfolded portion of a group of rocks from a folded portion. Hornblende A green silicate mineral of the amphibole group. Hydrothermal Hot water; a mineral or geological process involving hot water-bearing fluids. Igneous Formed by solidification of hot mobile material termed magma. Inferred Resource That part of a resource for which tonnage and or grade can be estimated with only low levels of confidence. INPUT An airborne electromagnetic exploration system. Intrusive A mass of rock formed by magma cooling beneath the earth’s surface. IP Induced polarisation: an electromagnetic geophysical survey exploration method. Jaspilite A chemical sedimentary rock composed of alternating iron oxide and silica rich bands. Lateritised Rocks altered and enriched in iron by weathering. Lead The metallic element (chemical symbol Pb). Limb One half or side of a folded rock unit. Lineament A significant linear feature of the earth’s crust, usually equating a major fault or shear structure. Lithification The process by which a sediment composed of individual particles is converted into a coherent rock. Lithology The characteristics of a rock; especially mineral content,, structure, grainsize, and classification. Lode A tabular or vein like deposit of valuable mineral between well defined walls. Mafic Descriptive of rocks composed dominantly of magnesium and iron forming silicatesMagnetics Referring to a magnetic geophysical exploration survey, or to the magnetic properties of the rock units so surveyed. Magnetic Induced Polarisation An electromagnetic geophysical exploration method Malachite A green hydrated copper carbonate mineral: formed by weathering of copper sulphide minerals. Marcasite An iron sulphide mineral. Measured Resource That part of a resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade, and mineralogy can be estimated with a high level of confidence. Mesoproterozoic The middle of the three Proterozoic eras; between about 1,600 and 1,000 million years ago. Mesozoic An era of geological time; between about 250 and 65 million years ago. Meta (prefix) Indicating the rock has undergone metamorphism. Metamorphosed A rock that has been altered by physical and chemical processes involving heat, pressure and derived fluids e.g a metamorphosed sediment can be described as a metasediment (Note: All the Archaean rocks described in the report have been metamorphosed to varying degrees. For simplicity the prefix meta- has not always been used). Mineralisation The concentration of metals and their chemical compounds within a body of rock. Mn The chemical symbol for the metallic element manganese. Mudstone A sedimentary rock formed by the lithification of layers of mud. Nickel (Ni) The chemical symbol for the metallic element nickel. Olivine An olive coloured magnesium-iron silicate mineral; formed in ultrabasic igneous rocks. Outcrop An exposure of bedrock at the surface. Ore Mineral-bearing rock that may be mined and treated at a profit. Oxidised A rock that has been exposed to air and water causing its minerals to change by the addition of oxygen (and perhaps carbon and water). P The chemical symbol for the element phosphorous. Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock with exceptionally large crystals, formed from a magma that contains a high proportion of water. Pentlandite An iron-nickel sulphide mineral. Percussion drilling A form of drilling carried out by the hammering action of a drill bit. Petrology The study of rocks. Platinoid A member of the platinum group of elements; platinum, palladium, osmium, iridium, rhodium and ruthenium. Plunge Inclination of a fold axis or other structure. Pluton A relatively large body of igneous rock formed beneath the earths surface Ppb Part per billion. Ppm Parts per million. Prospect An area of a tenement which has demonstrated potential to host an orebody. Prospective A general term for the perceived potential for the discovery of an orebody based on the knowledge of factors such as favourable geological setting, structures, alteration, geochemical and/or geophysical responses, and the occurrence of mineralisation. Proterozoic The younger part of the Precambrian Era between 2,500 to 570 million years ago. Pyrite A mineral composed of iron sulphide. Pyrrhotite A magnetic iron sulphide mineral. Quartz A mineral composed of silicon dioxide. Reconnaissance A general examination or survey of a region with reference to its main features, usually preliminary to a more detaied survey. Radiometric A geophysical survey method that measures the radioactive properties of rock units. Resource In-situ mineral occurrence for which there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics, and continuity are known, estimated, or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. Reverse circulation (RC ) A percussion drilling technique in which the cuttings are recovered through the drill rods thus minimising sample losses and contamination. Rotary air blast drilling (RAB ) Rotary drilling technique in which sample is returned to surface outside the rod string by compressed air. Sandstone A sedimentary rock composed primarily of sand sized grains. Schist A metamorphic rock with a platy or foliated texture. Sediment Rocks formed by the deposition of solids from water. Sericite A fine grained variety of muscovite (potassium mica) (an alteration product). Shale An extremely fine-grained sedimentary rock composed predominantly of clay minerals. Shear A fracture in rock similar to a fault. Sideritic Containing the iron carbonate mineral siderite. Silica The compound SiO2. The component of the mineral quartz. Siliceous Containing the mineral silica. SIROTEM A proprietary electromagnetic geophysical exploration survey method. Sphalerite The common sulphide mineral of zinc. Siltstone A very fine-grained sedimentary rock composed predominantly of silt-sized grains. Sn The chemical symbol for the metallic element tin. Soil sampling Systematic collection of samples of soil at a series of locations in order to study the distribution of geochemical values in the soil. Stratiform Occuring in layers. Stratigraphy Composition, sequence and correlation of stratified rock in the earth’s crust. Strike The direction of the trace of a geological unit or structure on a horizontal surface. Structural Pertaining to geological structure. Sulphide A mineral compound characterised by the linkage of sulphur and a metal ion. Supergene A mineral enrichment formed relatively near to the Earth’s surface by the movement of chemicals in solution and their deposition near the top of the water table. Syncline A set of rock units folded into a concave-up shape. Tantalum The metallic element. TEM Transient electro-magnetics; a geophysical exploration survey method. Tectonic Relating to rock structures formed by deformation by folds or faults of the Earth’s crust. Thrust A low angle (shallowly inclined) fault or shear on which the rocks on the top have moved up and over the rocks on the bottom. Ti The chemical symbol for the metallic element titanium. Tin The metallic element, chemical symbol Sn. Ultramafic Descriptive of igneous rock containing virtually no quartz or feldspar and composed essentially of ferromagnesian silicates, mainly olivine and pyroxene. Uranium The metallic element. Vein A thin sheet-like intrusion into a fissure or crack, commonly bearing quartz. Violarite A nickel-iron sulphide mineral. Volcanic Descriptive of rocks originating from volcanic activity. Volcanoclastic Sediment formed from fragments of volcanic rocks. Weathering The group of processes that change the character and composition of rocks by decay. Zinc (Zn) The metallic element; and its chemical symbol. Zn The chemical symbol for zinc.
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