gold, page-48435

Russia is buying its domestic gold production because of sanctions, and Turkey's flogging off surplus food to Venezuela in return for gold produced by garimpeiros.

So Russia and Turkey aren't buying gold because it's a good deal or to hedge the USD, they're buying it because they have to. Both those countries are propping up the corrupt regime in Venezuela, dictators doing business together.

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-gold-insight/how-venezuela-turns-its-useless-bank-notes-into-gold-idUSKCN1PZ0BX