Earth Mountain almost there, page-352

But who makes the chips that contain the secret software? What is stopping some of those going into the black market?

I think the real protection comes from patent and copyright protection. Bad actors wont be able to sell their products in the west where the rules are enforced.

Even if these are sold in China chances are that the west will complain and China will prevent their sale to avoid international sanctions - much as happened with CDs and DVs decades ago.