In auto marketing its called "the marketing mix: -product -accessories/model upgrades (would you like to have fries with that) -spare parts -service deals -operating lease (sale + R&M+ Guaranteed buy back price) -used cars quality program (these are mostly from ex Gov & ex Operating Leases)
Of course the Chinese , Taiwanese have put a spanner in the works by manufacturing "will fit" spare parts denying the OEMs of their "Golden Goose"
