Sodium is not a concern at all. Yes you can make good batteries out of it, but fundamentally they can never match Lithium based chemistries in terms of KWh/kg.
The only reason to look at Sodium as a substitute would be price. Sky high lithium prices over the past 2 years were at the stage where they were having a material impact on the affordability of lower end EVs so understandably this sparked some interest in pursuing Sodium chemistries as an alternative.
Current lithium prices will have put a dampener on that and unless pricing rebounds substantially and remains elevated for the long term then I doubt Sodium batteries will ever have a meaningful impact in the electric vehicle market.
For stationary energy storage where mass is less of an issue they may have a place, though I still think the economies of scale of the rapidly growing lithium ion battery supply chain will ultimately win out and Sodium ion will become the betamax to the lithium vhs. At best it may find a small place in the battery market but sub 5%
Lithium ion batteries have only recently crossed the useful threshold of power density for mass adoption of elecric vehicles, and still have a way to go before they will satisfy all forms. Manufacturers generally aren't looking to go backwards in this field unless there was a very compelling reason to do so.
Think of it as analgous to copper vs aluminium for cables and conductors. Copper costs about twice as much as aluminium but is almost twice as conductive, and more durable so is generally used in favour of Aluminium. At times when copper prices are high, Aluminium is sometimes used for things like busbars etc, but otherwise over time Copper is the norm.
Only silver is more conductive better but the cost is prohibitive for the minor improvement gained.
The bottom line is cost saving vs range when it comes to most vehicles. As a consumer if you had the choice of a $40k EV with 500km range and a Lithium Ion battery, vs. $39k EV with 300km range and a Sodium Ion battery which one would you opt for?
Sure if that gap was to widen to $5k+ then it is likely to polarise consumers, which is where things were heading with lithium prices >60k/t LCE but not so much now.
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