Type 1 diabetics cannot produce enough insulin so they need additional insulin to absorb glucose into the cells. This means that the external insulin needs to be kept at a level that will allow for glucose level surges as the person consumes food while not remaining too high for too long after. The body of a non-diabetic does this in a response that returns to a safe base level.
With type 1 diabetics the idea is to have a base level and add a bolus of insulin that will just meet the needs of the body after the food is ingested. If there is too much insulin introduced (the bolus is a guesstimate based on a several factors) the person can suffer from Hypoglycemia which means a depletion of glucose to unacceptably low levels. The automation of this with a detection patch and attached insulin pump has improved the control loop significantly but it is still poorer than the natural response of the body when the islets cells are functioning properly. (This hypoglycemia can happen to non-diabetics who have a hyper response of insulin after meals and overshoot the reduction of glucose on the blood (food coma)).
So in the announcement it said "Secondary outcomes included average daily exogenous insulin usage". This means the extra insulin required to be injected into the person with T1D to process glucose. The table notes the reduction in insulin they required. This means the introduced beta cells were meeting a significant amount to the body's need for insulin. i.e they were working and over time improved based on the reduction of required external insulin to control the glucose levels in the blood stream.
I am guessing this is pretty good for a first-in-human trial. I would say it proves out the process. Moreover, any reduction in the need for administration of insulin will be seen as a huge improvement for people with Type 1 diabetes, with the eventual goal of complete restoration of natural insulin production and homeostasis control of blood glucose.
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