I can answer the question regarding culling and replenishing their cattle.
Cows give birth every year. They keep the heifers and sell the Bulls. That's why they have a "support" farm. To grow out heifers for the 2 years before they become milkers (also to grow fodder to support the milking herd)
Using sexed semen with the Ai can increase the birth rates of heifers to around 90% so it's not really an issue. Generally speaking using good AI (artificial insemination) the calf will always be better than cow so after time the herd genetics will improve over time
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