Several OVs are moving into the clinic. Robert Andtbacka (Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT) presented results from a phase Ib trial of recently approved oHSV T-VEC (Imlygic; Amgen) in combination with anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) in patients with untreated, unresected stage IIIB–IV melanoma. T-VEC was administered intralesionally starting with 106 pfu/ml followed 3 weeks later and every 2 weeks thereafter with 108 pfu/ml, with ipilimumab initiated at week 6 and then every 3 weeks for 4 infusions. Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in about a third of patients, not dissimilar to the rate for individual treatments. The durable response rate (DRR) was 44%, higher than expected for either treatment alone, with 67% of patients alive at 18 months. Hardev Pandha (University of Surrey, UK) described early-phase clinical trials of CVA21, which binds to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, upregulated in some solid tumors, including melanoma. Multiple intravenous doses induced neutralizing antibody after about 7 days. Intralesional treatment of patients with stage IIIc and IV malignant melanoma produced an impressive median overall survival of 26 months, similar to that with T-VEC. There was an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IFN-γ within the treated lesions from the first injection to the third, as well as an increase in T cells and PD-L1. In a clinical trial of CVA21 in combination with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, treated patients showed increases of CD4/8 T cells in both injected and uninjected lesions (Darren Shafren, Viralytics, Sydney, Australia).