You are talking about that around us, which heats up.
The temperateure of space, due to the distance between each particle that has been warmed by the sun is in fact very cold...but I put to you, show your head, uprotected in space...and you will fry in an instant.
As for the temperature that falls as we get higher into our atmosphere...far more to that than a transfer of heat from the sun.
You are talking atmospheric issues, which are an entirely different studdy of themselves.
Yes, the temperature drops as we climb the mountain, then rise to thousands of degrees should be travel higher still...then drop off again...then rise again...and so on, in a series of particle-gas temperature differentials which result from the time-dependent radiative/conductive heat flux divergences in the gas/dust/moisture/pressure laden layers that make up our atmosphere.
