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ausheds

19,587 Posts.

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17/07/19

15:35

Post #: 39564466

Originally posted by BarrelSitter ↑

A bit more on samarium et al.
http://www.australianminesatlas.gov.au/aimr/commodity/rare_earths.html

{caption=left}Table 1 - Distribution of types of REEs in selected deposits (Arafura Resources Ltd){/caption}

1 Rare Earth Oxide Application Nolans Bore % Mount Weld % Mountain Pass USA % Baiyanobo China %

2 Lanthanum Petroleum cracking catalysts, batteries (NiMH) 19.74 25.6 33.2 27.1

3 Cerium Autocatalyst, glass, polishing 47.53 45.74 49.1 49.86

4 Praseodymium Magnets, glass 5.82 5.42 4.34 5.15

5 Neodymium Magnets (NdFeB) 21.2 18.62 12.0 15.4

6 Samarium Magnets, (SmCo) 2.37 2.44 0.8 1.15

7 Europium Phosphors, nuclear control applications 0.4 0.55 0.12 0.19

8 Gadolinium Intravenous contrast agents, phosphors 1.0 0.97 0.17 0.4

9 Terbium Phosphors 0.08 0.09

10 Dysprosium Magnets (NdFeB), lasers 0.33 0.16 0.3

11 Other Rare Earths (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) 0.21 0.04 0.16 0.03

12 Other elements

13 Yttrium Phosphors, metal alloys 1.32 0.37 0.1 0.2

Samarium (SmCo5) produces the most temperature stable magnets, but they are brittle and low on tensile strength. (Fig 1 previous post)

Mechanical properties of Alnico are superior than most of the permanent magnets, except the bonded REE magnets. The tensile strength for Alnico, SmCo5, and NdFeB are 350, 41, and 82 MPa, respectively. And the fracture toughness (KIC) of these three magnetic materials are 13.3, 5.5, and 1.9 MPa m0.5, respectively [119]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645418305858

which probly explains why they are only used in small motors.

{caption=left}Table 2 - Applications for REEs in the emerging technology areas{/caption}

1 Application Examples Rare-Earth-Elements

2 Light Weight Magnets CarsLight weight magnets in motors for windows, windscreen wipers, starter motors, alternators, etc ElectronicsMagnets in disc drives for computers, data storage, portable music players (e.g. iPods), video recorders, consoles, video cameras Speakers Wind turbine Nd, Pr, Sm, Dy, Tb

3 Catalyst Automotive catalystClean dieselOil refining La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sc

4 Hybrid vehicles Electric motors and generatorsHybrid batteries Nd, Pr, Dy, TbLa, Nd, Ce

5 Compact fluorescent lights, energy saving lamps Eu, Tb, Y, Sc

6 Polishing powders TV and computer screensLCD, Plasma, CRTOptical lensesPrecision optical and electronic components Ce, La, Pr, Sc

7 Glass additives CRT screens to stabilise glass from cathode raySmall optical lensesPhosphorsTV and computer screens Ce, Er, Gd, Tb, La, Nd, Yb, Pm, Sc

8 Ceramics Dy, Er, Pr, Gd, Ho, Ce, La

So, for the time being EVs use Nd, Pr, Dy, TbLa, Nd, Ce.

I think this research deserves the Ausheds PhD.

Expand

The fact that the Co stands for cobalt has a great deal to do with their small mkt share, ironically US DoD has no problem with the expense for missile guidance systems.

ARU Price at posting: 9.2¢ Sentiment: None Disclosure: Not Held

1 Upvote

0 Great analysis

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WHERE TO NOW?, page-36

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	{caption=left}Table 1 - Distribution of types of REEs in selected deposits (Arafura Resources Ltd){/caption}
1	Rare Earth Oxide	Application	Nolans Bore %	Mount Weld %	Mountain Pass USA %	Baiyanobo China %
2	Lanthanum	Petroleum cracking catalysts, batteries (NiMH)	19.74	25.6	33.2	27.1
3	Cerium	Autocatalyst, glass, polishing	47.53	45.74	49.1	49.86
4	Praseodymium	Magnets, glass	5.82	5.42	4.34	5.15
5	Neodymium	Magnets (NdFeB)	21.2	18.62	12.0	15.4
6	Samarium	Magnets, (SmCo)	2.37	2.44	0.8	1.15
7	Europium	Phosphors, nuclear control applications	0.4	0.55	0.12	0.19
8	Gadolinium	Intravenous contrast agents, phosphors	1.0	0.97	0.17	0.4
9	Terbium	Phosphors	0.08	0.09
10	Dysprosium	Magnets (NdFeB), lasers	0.33	0.16		0.3
11	Other Rare Earths (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)		0.21	0.04	0.16	0.03
12	Other elements
13	Yttrium	Phosphors, metal alloys	1.32	0.37	0.1	0.2

	{caption=left}Table 2 - Applications for REEs in the emerging technology areas{/caption}
1	Application	Examples	Rare-Earth-Elements
2	Light Weight Magnets	CarsLight weight magnets in motors for windows, windscreen wipers, starter motors, alternators, etc ElectronicsMagnets in disc drives for computers, data storage, portable music players (e.g. iPods), video recorders, consoles, video cameras Speakers Wind turbine	Nd, Pr, Sm, Dy, Tb
3	Catalyst	Automotive catalystClean dieselOil refining	La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sc
4	Hybrid vehicles	Electric motors and generatorsHybrid batteries	Nd, Pr, Dy, TbLa, Nd, Ce
5	Compact fluorescent lights, energy saving lamps		Eu, Tb, Y, Sc
6	Polishing powders	TV and computer screensLCD, Plasma, CRTOptical lensesPrecision optical and electronic components	Ce, La, Pr, Sc
7	Glass additives	CRT screens to stabilise glass from cathode raySmall optical lensesPhosphorsTV and computer screens	Ce, Er, Gd, Tb, La, Nd, Yb, Pm, Sc
8	Ceramics		Dy, Er, Pr, Gd, Ho, Ce, La

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