Lithium prices have been relatively unscathed by China’s economic slowdown despite big falls for iron ore and other battery metals
Experts say market will remain in short supply due to strong demand and long lead times to bring production online, despite Goldman Sachs’ oversupply call
Shaw and Partners’ Adam Dawes says big lithium stocks should be favoured in tough market conditions after a major sell-off across the sector
There’s no two ways about it, battery metals have been hammered by China’s economic slowdown, with Covid lockdowns hitting downstream demand from property, infrastructure or whatever manufacturing industry you like. Take a look at these price charts for some key battery metals.
That’s zinc, nickel and copper by the way, three previously flying commodities whose wings have been clipped by China’s struggles. You may be forgiven for thinking one of those charts is lithium given the pain befalling companies exploring and mining the key input in lithium ion batteries. The Global X Lithium & Battery Tech ETF is down 8.83% year to date, but even that is mild given the performances of large Chinese lithium stocks have tempered the losses. Australian miner Pilbara Minerals (ASXLS) is down 34.66% year to date, Allkem (ASX:AKE) has fallen almost 6% but 22.76% over the past month, while all the players in the emerging company space have been categorically smashed. Sayona (ASX:SYA) is still up ~14% YTD but has slid 27% in the past month. Argentine brine hopeful Lake Resources (ASX:LKE), whose MD Steve Promnitz resigned last month, suffered a big sell off just days after entry to the ASX 200. Want to see a dictionary definition of cognitive dissonance? This is what’s actually happened to lithium hydroxide prices in Asia this month.
Lithium carbonate has been similarly steady while spodumene spot prices are up above US$6000/t after Pilbara Minerals showed just how hungry converters are for the limited supply of raw materials available on the spot market by selling its latest Battery Materials Exchange cargo pre-auction for a price of US$7017/t on a 6% Li2O basis. Why has lithium avoided the pain suffered by other major commodities amid China’s Covid Zero frenzy and is the lithium sector oversold right now? Glad you asked.
Why has lithium avoided a correction
While other battery metals have entered into correction mode in the past month, lithium has continued to sell at a fancy free US$75,000/t. Oblivious to the cacophony of global economic dysfunction like a teenager bumping Drake through their Airpods during the Apocalypse, lithium prices have been a shoulder shrugger despite heavily publicised calls from Goldman Sachs that oversupply would send prices tumbling to US$16,000/t. Lithium, as exposed to Chinese manufacturing as iron ore, rare earths or base metals, seems to have avoided the bitter effects of the downturn. The final year of EV subsidies in China is one factor, with the EV market remaining solid despite a collapse in the new car trade from the lockdowns that saw exactly zero sales in the financial Mecca of Shanghai in April. With global EV sales in 2022 expected to outstrip the record 6.6 million recorded in 2021, the lockdowns may have held back demand, but not enough to ease supply shortages for the metal. “We see the lockdowns as constraining demand, rather than demand being weak,” Fastmarkets senior price development manager Peter Hannah told *. “This is likely to be creating pent-up demand in China, as lockdowns end we expect a strong rebound in demand. “As we have often seen when economic activity slows, while overall vehicle production might fall, EVs demand continues to see strong gains – that is why prices have held up well.” The 500% and more increase in lithium prices over the past 18 months have seen miners move fast to switch on new sources of supply or approve brownfields expansions to catch the wave. Within 24 hours on Monday and Tuesday, ASX listed Sayona Mining (ASX:SYA), Liontown Resources (ASX:LTR) and Pilbara Minerals (ASXLS) approved almost $1 billion worth of investment to bring 750,000t of new spodumene concentrate (a little over 100,000t lithium carbonate equivalent) into the market. While a rapid increase in mined supply out of Australia came too quick for the EV market in 2018, leading to a crash in prices, Hannah said conditions were different in 2022. “We think the increases will ease the tightness but not create a rerun of 2018 when new supply led to oversupply,” he said. “The market is that much bigger now and has destocked so demand, restocking, building working stock and stockpiling are expected to absorb the new supply as it ramps-up.”
Lithium demand ‘not just a China story’
Liontown Resources MD Tony Ottaviano, whose company approved the $545 million development of its 500,000tpa Kathleen Valley mine in WA’s Goldfields on Tuesday, says the lithium demand story is about more than just China. “I think that the important point to note with the electrification of mobility, the EV market specifically, is that it’s not geographically specific, i.e. it’s not a China play,” he said. “This is a structural change occurring worldwide so you require the electrification of vehicles in Europe and North America, greater Asia and China itself. “That’s unlike other commodities, where the demand is dominated by Chinese internal consumption like iron ore, copper, and to some extent some of the other commodities, that’s my view.” Kathleen Valley is one of a number of operations and expansions slated to send either spodumene or lithium chemicals into the global market over the next three years. Most of its output is already assigned for its first five years, ahead of a planned ramp up to 700,000tpa, to auto and battery giants Tesla, LG and Ford via offtake agreements. Separately, Ford is providing a $300 million loan to back the mine’s construction. While he believes Liontown can meet its ambitious schedule to produce first concentrate in the second quarter of 2024 as planned, Ottaviano said supply would be more challenged than analysts like Goldman Sachs suggested in the coming years. “In our view there is still significant shortfall and that’s why we believe prices will remain strong,” Ottaviano said. “The amount of new greenfields supply that’s coming on is going to be tougher than people think. “There’s existing operations that are simply expanding, brownfields expansions. Pilbara is one, Wodgina — MRL and Albemarle — is another turning on capacity that was previously shuttered (as is) Sayona, maybe Nemaska is another that will come on at some point with Livent. “That type of expansion capacity is well known and understood and it’s factored in already. It’s more the greenfields that will turn this, the new supply. “And other than ourselves, if people aren’t turning soil by July or August this year there is no way they’ll bring on supply before the back end of 2024. Especially when you see the supply chain issues worldwide in getting equipment, labour shortages you’ve got a struggle to bring on new capacity.” Jurisdictional risk could be a concern as well. “If they believe they can build new capacity in continents like Africa and countries like the Congo and Mali, maybe, but in the next 18 months I don’t know,” Ottaviano said.
PLS Price at posting:
$2.26 Sentiment: Buy Disclosure: Held
LS) is down 34.66% year to date, Allkem (ASX:AKE) has fallen almost 6% but 22.76% over the past month, while all the players in the emerging company space have been categorically smashed.
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