Ann: Quarterly Update and Appendix 4C - quarterly, page-2

Peer Reviewed Publication: A peer reviewed article titled “Pentosan Polysulfate inhibits attachment and infection by SARS-CoV-2 in vitro: Insight into structural requirements for binding” was published in the online journal Thrombosis and Haemostasis in April 2022. The publication is a result of work on the effectiveness of PPS performed by the Ronzoni Institute as part of the bene pharmaChem and Paradigm research collaboration agreement (ASX release 31/03/21). The in vitro study demonstrated that PPS inhibited the uptake of SARS- CoV2 in the established Vero cells that are used as an industry model. Mechanistically, PPS demonstrated binding to the S1 receptor binding domain (RBD) on SARS-CoV2 which led to the inhibition of viral uptake and viral propagation by Vero cells. These observations suggest that PPS is a potential novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV2 infection and transmission.

The peer reviewed publication can be viewed at: https://www.thieme- connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-1807-0168