Conclusions: "Current evidence indicates that a strong relationship exists between the lymphatic system of the CNS and neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and CNS injury disorders".

It is possible that ATH434 works at this level at least David Stamler is focusing on these areas as neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and brain injury disorders if you read what is told in the annual report, but nothing like this or about the lymphatic system has not been published. The only PBT434 paper somehow related is the Kosman paper about brain microvascular endothelial cells, which the company never commented on.

IMO, Stamler is evidently talking about the lymphatic system and how to get rid of iron and the small iron-binding proteins, but he does not use the word lymphatic system.

This is the abstract, but it seems to be a free paper, now only online. This is a long story, but may be good to understand this possible mechanism of ATH434. Stamler never answered how ATH434 works on mitochondria, where we now know the basic problem in PD is. But clearly, he is indicating his interest to be how the iron overload will be eliminated.

Review

Neural Regen Res

. 2023 Jun;18(6):1249-1256.

doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.355741.

The lymphatic system: a therapeutic target for central nervous system disorders

Jia-Qi Xu ¹, Qian-Qi Liu ¹, Sheng-Yuan Huang ², Chun-Yue Duan ¹, Hong-Bin Lu ³, Yong Cao ¹, Jian-Zhong Hu ¹

Affiliations expand

• PMID: 36453401

DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355741

Abstract

The lymphatic vasculature forms an organized network that covers the whole body and is involved in fluid homeostasis, metabolite clearance, and immune surveillance. The recent identification of functional lymphatic vessels in the meninges of the brain and the spinal cord has provided novel insights into neurophysiology. They emerge as major pathways for fluid exchange. The abundance of immune cells in lymphatic vessels and meninges also suggests that lymphatic vessels are actively involved in neuroimmunity. The lymphatic system, through its role in the clearance of neurotoxic proteins, autoimmune cell infiltration, and the transmission of pro-inflammatory signals, participates in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases and traumatic injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor C is the master regulator of lymphangiogenesis, a process that is critical for the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and recent advances relating to the anatomical features and immunological functions of the lymphatic system of the central nervous system and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders and central nervous system repair.