Project Fast Track - Cash Flow, page-9

Spent a few minutes on KRR today.
This is the history of the work they have done on firming up the resource, identifying, testing & selecting a processing solution.
Noting that the most recent development is working closely with Murdoch University to develop a 'green' processing solution.
The last update included this :
• Open cut mining scaled at 5Mtpa of feed to an on-site processing plant targeting production of hi-grade magnetite concentrate for export
• Exported concentrates refined overseas by salt & reduction roast methodology to target V2O5, TiO2 & iron co-products

	Date	Description/bullet points
1	2017-04-21	Speewah Vanadium Study
2		4.7 Billion tonnes at 0.30% V2O5 and 2% Ti in three deposits
3		Concentrate result of 2.07% V2O5 and 16.12% TiO2
4		Metallurgical tests/studies on the Speewah Vanadium-Titanium deposit since discovery in 2006
5	2006	Metallurgical Test work (Ammtec)
6	2008	Metallurgical Test work (Amdel Mineral Laboratories (Amdel))
7	2009	Mineral Resource Estimate (CSA Global Pty Ltd)
8	2010	Flora and Fauna Surveys at Central Deposit (Animal Plant Mineral Pty Ltd)
9		Avian Survey (CSIRO)
10		Heritage Mapping Speewah Dome (Terra Rosa Cultural Resource Management Pty Ltd)
11		Pyrometallurgical Pig Iron and Vanadium Slag Test work (Mintek)
12		Mineral Resource Estimate (Runge Limited)
13		Magnetite and Vanadium Concept Study (Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM))
14	2011	Mineral Resource Estimate (Runge Limited)
15		Preliminary Pit Design Speewah Vanadium Deposit (Runge Limited)
16		Metallurgical Test Work Study Report (Amdel, Spectrolabs and SKM)
17		Scoping Study Review of Alternative Process Routes (SKM)
18		Hydrometallurgical Leaching-Precipitation of TiO2 and V2O5 (SMS Siemag)
19		Hydrometallurgical Test work (Process Research OrTech and Nagrom Metallurgy)
20		Baseline Hydrologic Assessment Speewah Dome (AECOM Australia Pty Ltd)
21		Groundwater Assessment Central Deposit (Groundwater Consulting Services Pty Ltd)
22		Soil Characterisation Assessment Central Deposit (Landloch Pty Ltd)
23		Archaeological and Ethnographic Survey (Terra Rosa Cultural Resource Management)
24	2012	Mineral Resource Estimate 2004 JORC Code (Runge Limited)
25		Scoping Study (KRC)
26	2017-05-05	Speewah Operational Update
27		The major objective of the Concept Study will be to identify whether any new hydrometallurgical approach
28		can provide a base framework for a new Scoping Study
29	2017-06-20	Speewah Vanadium Update
30		CSA Global Pty Ltd has completed an updated resource estimate
31		Magneticseparationtoproduceanewspecificationvanadiferoustitano-magnetiteconcentrate, targeting >2% V2O5 and 12-16% TiO2.
32		Leaching the magnetite concentrate to put vanadium and titanium into solution at favourable extractionrecoveries
33		Precipitation of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) from the leach solution trialing several methods.
34	2017-08-21	Vanadium Metallurgy Update
35		Speewah vanadium resource is the largest in Australia at 4.7 billion tonnes at 0.3% V2O5
36		Metallurgical work gave a positive upgrade to concentrate assaying 2.15% V2O5, 12.72% TiO2 and 71.42% Fe2O3, the highest vanadium grade of all Australian deposits
37		Recoveries of up to 99% Vanadium and 85% Titanium were obtained from initial acid leach tests
38		metallurgicaltestworkcompleted by Nagrom
39	2017-10-09	Vanadium Metallurgy Update
40		A Titanium dioxide product assaying 94.5% was obtained from initial precipitation
41		TSW analytical completed 27 diagnostic microleach tests
42		Hydrothermal precipiation of TiO2 without the addition of reagents was a focus
43	2017-10-10	Vanadium Metallurgy Update
44		The Leach efficiency for Titanium, Vanadium & Iron were 75.7%, 97.7%, 92.2% respectively
45	2017-12-04	Vanadium Metallurgy Update
46		Positive result obtained in leaching 99.2% Vanadium into solution from V-Ti magnetite concentrate
47		A high purity titanium dioxide product assayed 99.1% TiO2 (see below)
48		A vanadium pentoxide product assaying 95.5% V2O5 has been produced.
49		TSW Analytical is investigating a new method to produce Vanadium Electrolyte
50		Hydrothermal Precipitation of Titanium Dioxide
51	2018-01-30	Titanium Dioxide 99.5% purity
52		A high purity titanium dioxide product assayed 99.5% TiO2
53	2018-02-27	99.48% Vanadium purity
54		High purity Vanadium Pentoxide produced assaying 99.48% V2O5, 0.29% Fe2O3 and 0.17% Na2O
55		Stage 1 precipitated Vanadium from the Ti-depleted liquor as a crude Vanadium-Iron compound with high Vanadium recovery of 96%
56		Stage2removedtheIronbydissolvingthecrudeVanadium-Ironprecipitateinacausticsolutionto precipitate a purified orange vanadium product
57		Stage 3 purified the vanadium product using dilute HCl to remove contaminants and precipitated a brown high purity Vanadium Pentoxide product assaying 99.48% V2O5, 0.29% Fe2O3 and 0.17% Na2O
58	2018-06-20	Vanadium Study Update
59		CSA Global completed an initial conceptual mining study using open cut optimisation techniques on the Central vanadium deposit
60		TSW Analytical is working on two process routes to make high purity vanadium pentoxide: - direct hydrous vanadium oxide route produced a high grade vanadium pentoxide (99.48% V2O5). - ammoniummetavanadate (AMV)routeisthecurrentfocusoftestwork
61		Primero Group has delivered initial detailed process flow sheets for each stage of the beneficiation plant atSpeewah. Items still to be addressed: - Finalising the Hydrometallurgical Process Flow Sheet and capital and processing cost estimates - Finalising the Beneficiation Plant design and capital and processing cost estimates - Final open pit optimisation and mining schedule study using the operating cost estimates.
62		Best optimisation case was based on a pit shell with sufficient material for several decades of production Low strip ratio of 0.4 Grades for V2O5, TiO2 and Fe are very consistent by depth and extent throughout the deposit
63		Primero has also provided a comparative study of hydrometallurgicalvanadiumprocessing technologies. This supports KRC's selection of a direct HCl acid leaching-precipitation hydrometallurgical processroute.
64		APM - provideanoverviewofenvironmental approvals, and outline future work required.
65		KRC has commenced an Energy Study into power sources, including solar & tidal renewable energy options & funding
66		The flat lying nature of the Speewah mineralisation gives King River Copper the opportunity to mine very large volumes of material with minimum waste (0.4 tonne waste to 1.0 tonne mineralised material).

	2018-06-25	New High Grade Vanadium Pentoxide Route
1		High grade Vanadium Pentoxide produced assaying 99.47% V2O5 by the AMV process route
2		This process is different from conventional salt roast technology or solvent extraction methods.
3		The AMV route involves the caustic leach-ammonium chloride process
4	2018-07-23	High Purity Vanadium Update
5		High purity Vanadium Pentoxide produced assaying 99.51% V2O
6		TSW Analytical is investigating a new direct leaching-precipitation method to produce these products from the vanadiferous titaniferous magnetite concentrate of the Central Vanadium deposit at Speewah. This process is different from conventional salt roast technology or solvent extraction methods
7	2018-09-10	Vanadium Fluorite Project Update
8		Vanadium, Titanium, Iron and Fluorite projects at Speewah
9		Primero Group has now completed an internal desktop report for use in the Vanadium Scoping Study, providing a detailed beneficiation plant design, with operating and capital cost estimates.
10		TSW Analytical testwork completed and/or underway includes: • high purity TiO2 by a thermal hydrolysis process (KRC ASX release 30 January 2018); • high purity V2O5 by a direct precipitation process (KRC ASX release 27 February 2018); • high purity V2O5 by the AMV process (KRC ASX releases 25 June and 23 July 2018);
11		Nagrom has been undertaking bottle roll sulphuric acid direct leach tests on a magnetite-ilmenite concentrate sample. • a leach solution by this direct leach method for preliminary vanadium electrolyte testwork. • leach kinetics on V, Ti and Fe recoveries, acid consumption and mass reduction to assess suitability for column leach tests on Speewah lump ore and agglomerated concentrate types.
12		To enable the presentation of comparable data, new V2O5 testwork will also commence shortly with another metallurgical laboratory using the salt roast-water leach-AMV process and acid leach- solvent extraction-AMV process that was previously trialled by KRC in 2011-2012.
13		theWindsorfluoritedepositatSpeewah 6.7milliontonnesat24.6%CaF2
14	2018-10-15	Vanadium studies update
15		Vanadium Scoping Study due for release in October
16		Vanadium metallurgical testworkhas continued on several fronts to identify the most optimum and commercially practical process routes to pursue.
17		Nagrom completed a bottle roll sulphuric acid (H2SO4) leach test
18		TSW Analytical is undertaking the following laboratory testwork using two leach methods Hydrochloric Acid Leach Sulphuric Acid Leach
19		ALS Metallurgy has been appointed to complete salt roast-water leach-AMV process testwork to produce vanadium pentoxide by this conventional process route.
20	2018-11-02	Vanadium Scoping Study
21		Scoping Study update
22		Positive business case with healthy cashflow margin supports progression of the study to the PFS stage
23		Hydrometallurgical process routeselected fora diverserevenuestream fromvanadiumpentoxide, titanium dioxide and iron products.
24		KRChasrequestedCSAGlobalPtyLtd(CSAGlobal)tocompiletheProjecttechnical,financialand implementation detail into a comprehensive Scoping Study outlining recommendations and future work to develop the SVP through a subsequent Prefeasibility Study (PFS).
25		Primero Group developed a conceptual design for an on-site beneficiation plant processing route shown in the figure below. The Primero beneficiation plant consists of: Primary crushing of ROM ore and pebble crushing of SAG mill discharge oversize (pebbles) Single-stage SAG milling with classification cyclones targeting product of P80 of 0.5 mm Rougher Low intensity Magnetic Separation (LIMS) / Scavenger Medium Intensity Magnetic Separation (MIMS/REMS) separation of mill product Regrind of magnetic concentrate to P80 106120 µm Cleaner/recleaner MIMS producing final concentrate Concentrate dewatering and stockpiling Tails dewatering.

	2018-11-19	New Vanadium Process Route
1		Bottle roll test work on **bro rock crushed to 5.6mm lumps gives 71% V extraction after 45 days
2		This new project concept may involve on-site sulphuric acid vat or heap leaching and the processing of V2O5, TiO2, iron oxide and other high purity products (vanadyl sulphate and high purity alumina).
3		The next phase of pre-feasibility (PFS) work will examine the costings of beneficiation of various ROM lump sizes and coarse-grained concentrates, and also revue in more detail the capital and operating costs for a vat or heap leach operation and sulphuric acid plant
4	2019-03-01	Positive VAT Leach Test Results
5		Nagromhavecompletedthefirstheatedfloodedcolumnleachtest. This test more closely simulates a vat leach setup
6		Excellentresultsfromheatedfloodedcolumnleachusing20%sulphuricacidon5.6mmlump magnetite **bro reporting 90% V and 47% Titanium (Ti) extractions (dissolved) after 14 days
7		Comparativeheatedmicroleachtestusing20%sulphuricacidon106micronmagnetite-ilmenite concentrate has reported 97% Vanadium (V) and 62% Titanium (Ti) extractions after 3 days
8	2019-04-01	Vanadium Resource Amendment
9		CSA Global amended JORC tables to include TiO2 - 3.3%
10	2019-06-27	Speewah Project Update
11		PFS update investigating an agitated tank leach of concentrates using sulphuric acid
12		Como Engineers are currently seeking indicative pricing on other sulphuric acid plants
13		engaging a TSF expert to develop the most environmentally sustainable strategy for dealing with any waste from the proposed operation
14	2019-08-20	Speewah Specialty Metals Project update
15		recommendation of Como Engineering to reshape the scale and timing of the Speewah Specialty Metals (SSM) Pre- Feasibility Study (PFS).
16		The estimated capital costs of constructing a new beneficiation, agitation leaching and metal recovery plant (including direct and indirect costs) would be reduced to ~$524 million (+/- 30% accuracy) by reducing our start up mining rates to operationally correspond with a more standard sized acid plant installation that is capable of producing over 15 megawatts of electricity per year and 1800 tonnes per day of sulphuric acid.
17		Most components of the 4.7 billion tonne Speewah Specialty Metals Project will be designed around being modular and therefore readily scaleable by nature
18	2021-07-22	Speewah Project - High Purity TiO2
19		A high purity titanium dioxide product assayed 99.73% TiO2
20		Solvent Extraction and Hydrolysis Precipitation of Titanium Dioxide Solvent Extraction of Vanadium Pentoxide
21	2022-04-05	Speewah Project - New Vanadium Focus
22		New "green" process flowsheet under investigation to extract V, Ti, & Fe from Speewah
23		Murdoch University's Hydrometallurgy Research Group commenced a new R&D program to develop a roast process for multi-commodity production from the Speewah Vanadium deposit
24		The salt roast process will aim to produce V2O5 …. But investigate the production of metallic iron by-product by reductive roasting. The second stage…. Will trial the use of different reductants including H2. The use of H2 could offer a carbon neutral production of iron metal. In addition a second by-product which could be used as a feedstock for TiO2 pigment production will be considered as well as some other new extraction approaches. The programme has been planned & costed & is already underway.
25	2022-05-10	Speewah - Vanadium Salt Roast Testwork
26		Murdoch university salt roast test work has reported excellent first pass results of up to 92% vanadium extraction from a Speewah high grade vanadium-titanium-magnetite concetrate.
27		Investigations commenced into critical minerals funding options for KRR's new Vanadium process flow sheet development to support the transition to renewable energy.
28		Murdoch University has been investigating two new processing opportunities : • an oxidative salt roast process to recover vanadium • trialling reductive roast approaches (including hydrogen) to recover other metals.
29	2022-09-23	Speewah - Vanadium Update
30		Vanadium - Conceptual Development Plan
31		Open cut mining scaled at 5Mtpa of feed to an on-site processing plant targeting production of hi-grade magnetite concentrate for export
32		Exported concentrates refined overseas by salt & reduction roast methodology to target V2O5, TiO2 & iron co-products