Ann: 121 Mining Investment Cape Town Presentation, page-24

No small fish, note last paragraph...

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https://delano.lu/article/pictet-dembik-three-gs-as-them

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“Metallic nationalism”

Geology refers to “metallic nationalism,” said Dembik. There are certain countries that have rare earths and industrial metals used in batteries and technological devices--and these countries “understand perfectly” the type of resources they’re sitting on. They’re able to decide to whom they wish to export these rare earths and metals.

But there’s too much focus on rare earths, he added. Gallium and germanium, for instance, are industrial metals used to make semiconductors and wind turbines. China, a key producer of gallium and germanium, decided in August 2023 to implement export restrictions on these metals; Indonesia’s government in October said that it planned to ban exports of tin, a metal needed for the energy transition.

So, does this put Europe’s shift to renewable energies at risk? Not necessarily. For Europe, “it’s a change in direction,” said Dembik. Europe will need to put more focus on recycling instead and develop this in the years to come.