Repeat Performance, page-9

rare earth permanent magnets in main battle tanks, man-carried missiles, drones, and the Navy’s adoption of electric propulsion.

Rare earth permanent magnets are important to the military for exactly the same reason they are important to the OEM automotive industry; they save weight and volume, and thus increase range and payload.

Vehicles and weapons can be made without rare earth permanent magnets; they will just be less efficient.

The Hellfire missile, made famous by being carried and launched from drones, uses Alnico (aluminum-nickel-cobalt) magnets made in the USA by a magnet maker in business now for 120 years. It could use rare earth permanent magnets, if they were available and made from domestic raw materials processed in the United States.

The F35 could use Alnico magnets in place of its current rare earth permanent magnets, but it would require special cooling to avoid curie-point failure and the additional weight and volume would reduce range and payload. The same for automobiles and trucks except that it wouldn’t be so much the payload that is sacrificed it would be convenience accessories such as power windows, seats, and doors in all cars and range in EVs.

Rare earth permanent magnet motors are the most efficient electric motors known. They are thus the best and most robust solution to engineering issues of weight and volume for both military and consumer products.

But, they are not indispensable. And, if the US requires that any such magnets be made domestically from domestic materials then we are going to need to make between 10,000 and 15,000 tons of them per year at current usage.

Even if only the military gets to use them, we would need at least 3,000 tons per year.