SP moving forwrad, page-131

Oh yes --- forgot to add this (a bit of a "bet each way" this one!?!?)

Principleof Non -Retroactivity in Administrative Law

https://utrechtlawreview.org/articles/10.36633/ulr.604

“Most examined jurisdictionsagree that retroactivity with punitive effect may conflict with the respectof legitimate expectations of those affected. When deciding onnon-retroactivity as a part of fair and equitable treatment, the tribunals focus on theexistence of any specific promises not to change laws rather than onunlawfulness of retroactive administrative regulations as such. Inpractice international courts and tribunals have to balance the principle ofnon-retroactive application of administrative law and the right of states toregulate to achieve legitimate policy goals. Courts and tribunals areright to engage in a cost-benefit analysis. If the retroactive effectbrings only benefits and not costs for those affected, then theprinciple should not apply.”