An example of a near by, geologically identical supergene enrichment (highlighted for importance to AQD)
https://radiusgold.com/projects/tierra-roja-copper-project/
lteration Zonation
Initial mapping indicates porphyry copper alteration zonation. The main intrusive host is intensely silicified, with strong sericite clay alteration (phyllic) combined with intense leaching of sulphides and supergene secondary enrichment of copper oxides. Wide halos of epidote, chlorite (propylitic) alteration are observed on the distal margins of the system.
Figure 5. Intrusive, leached, intense silicified, clay sericite altered and veined:
Figure 6. High grade 6% copper oxides as malachite, chrysocolla, and brochantite in silicified intrusive:
Supergene Copper’s Economic Impact in Southern Peru’s Coastal Deposits
Southern Peru hosts several large porphyry copper deposits, including: Toquepala, Quellaveco, Cuajone, Los Calatos,Tía María, Cerro Verde, Chapi and Zafranal. These deposits are located along the coastal belt where arid conditions and proximity to the Pacific Ocean contribute to supergene processes. Supergene copper enrichment plays a crucial role in enhancing the economic viability of these deposits. The process occurs as a result of weathering and leaching of primary sulfide minerals in the near-surface environment, and results in the formation of a higher-grade secondary copper blanket comprised of minerals such as malachite, chrysocolla, chalcocite, and brochantite. These supergene copper minerals are distributed widely, disseminated and in structures over a 600m x 800m area at Tierra Roja.
Supergene enrichment blankets typically form beneath a leached cap, creating a secondary enrichment zone that is typically softer, easier to mine, accessible, heap leachable, high-grade resources close to surface. In the coastal desert of southern Peru, most of the major copper porphyries have benefited from the development of an enriched supergene copper zone and have turned many of these deposits into world-class producers.
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