re: Ann: Prana's PBT2 Directly Restores N... Tumesy, sorry for the slow reply, was away from the computer.They used Western blots. There is always complex supporting info with peer reviewed results of this type.
They previously proved they could restore cognition in mice by restoring cognition in mice(and Humans)
I couldnt find pics of the blots, but I feel sure the peers who checked it did.
When you say there is no proof that GSK3 is implicated in Alzheimers, are you sure you have not been looking at it.
Look at the names on the Abstract. It would not be their first major breakthrough.
Growing neurons was reported in the first paper, as the heading implies. This latest research was going deeper into the mechanism on how that was achieved.
Here is some of the supporting data.
Appendix S1. Materials and Methods.
Figure S1. Phosphorylation of and ? isoforms of GSK3 (at serine 21 for the isoform and serine 9 for the ? isoform) are both increased by treating SH-SY5Y cells with PBT2. Cells were treated for 1 hr in serum-free media (which contains 1.5 ?M Zn and 5.2 nM Cu) before analyzing cell extracts by Western blot for levels of phosphorylated GSK3/? (pGSK3/?). Data are mean values (?SEM) expressed relative to phosphorylated GSK3/? (pGSK3/?) in cells treated with 0 ?M PBT2 and represent densitometry analysis of Western blots as shown in Fig. 1A. n = 3 replicate Western bots.
Figure S2. Treating SH-SY5Y cells with PBT2 decreases Cu content of the culture media and increases cellular Cu in cells. Cells were treated in serum-free DMEM:F12 media for 1 hr as per Fig. 1. Cu content of media and pelleted cells was determined by ICP-MS. Data are expressed relative to Cu levels in control treated cells (? standard error, n = 3). **Denotes values significantly different (p < 0.01) compared to control treated cells (two tail t-test).
Figure S3. Zn- and Cu-dependent phosphorylation of GSK3 in SH-SY5Y cells treated with PBT2. (A) Cells were treated for 1 hr in metal ion free HBSS before analyzing cell extracts by Western blot for levels of pGSK3/?, total GSK3?, and the control protein ?-actin. The HBSS was supplemented with 10 ?M PBT2 and 10 ?M Zn or 10 ?M Cu as indicated before adding to the cells. (B) Cells were treated as per (A) except the media was supplemented with Fe (as FeCl2), Al (as Al2(SO4)3) or Li (as LiCl). All Western blot data are representative of separate replicates (n = 3).
Figure S4. Phospho-protein kinase A (pPKA-C), phospho-protein kinase C (pPKC) and casein kinase-1 (CK1) levels in SH-SY5Y cells treated with PBT2+Zn. Cells were treated for 1 hr in metal ion free HBSS before analyzing cell extracts by Western blot. Where indicated the HBSS was supplemented with 10 ?M PBT2 and 10 ?M Zn before adding to the cells.
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer-reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07402.x/suppinfo
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