23% of Americans are illiterate. A country (an inanimate object)can't be illiterate, but its citizens can.
Of course, we have to remember that the meaning of the word illiterate has changed and it no longer means that you can't read or write. We now talk about Functional Literacy, which can be described as follows:
“A person is functionally literate when he has acquired the knowledge and skills in reading and writing which enable him to engage in all those activities in which literacy is normally assumed in his culture or group” But often defined in practice as 4th-grade education (UC Berkely School of Information).