Just a little something to fill the time. Might be of interest to the new holders of this stock.
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/109725/hill-end-gold-deposits.pdf
Mineral Resources
The gold in the Hill End district occurs in quartz
veins generally parallel to the bedding in a
sequence of slate and greywacke (sandstone);
alluvial deposits are also common along the Turon
and Macquarie Rivers and other major streams.
The host rocks are interbedded sandstones and
shales of the Silurian Chesleigh Formation. This
formation is part of a deep marine shale-
sandstone-silicic volcanic series deposited in the
Siluro-Devonian Hill End Trough.
The sediments have been deformed into large-
scale north-trending folds. The major fold in the
area is called the Hill End anticline.
The veins strike north-south and typically dip at 60-
70° to the east in the immediate Hill End area,
however elsewhere in the district they may dip east
or west, depending on which limb of a fold the vein
occurs. They are generally about 10-20cm wide,
but can range up to 30-40cm.
Some of the veins were followed for more than
600m horizontally; the Star of Peace and Mica
veins at Hawkins Hill were followed down for over
200m. The richest values came from the top 120m.
Quartz veins commonly occur as bedded or
laminated veins, bedded veins in the form of
normal and inverted saddle reefs in fold hinges,
and blows (often the top or ‘caps’ of a saddle reef).
Blows are commonly associated with faults,
sometimes contain brecciated slate fragments, and
in places grade into bedded veins with depth.
‘Cross courses’ are also an important source of
gold. Mining at Hawkins Hill resulted in the
discovery of a number of east west trending cross
courses (faults). These structures often were the
source of rich ‘bonanzas’.
Other minerals associated with the gold include
pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena
and magnetite. The gold generally occurs as fine-
coarse grained granules. Little or none is present in
the grains of other minerals.
Whim and shaft houses along the western slope of
Hawkins Hill, Hill End, 1872
The gold and quartz were deposited from solution,
probably after the cross-faulting subsequent to
regional folding. The source of the gold, however,
is uncertain.
It may have been derived from granitic bodies such
as those near Bruinbun and Bathurst, from the host
sediments themselves, or from basaltic and
ultrabasic rocks similar to those at Lucknow, or as
recently suggested from underlying volcanic and
sedimentary sequences.
History of mining
The Hill End-Tambaroora Gold Field was one of the
richest gold mining areas in NSW, and the first reef
mining area in Australia.
Gold was discovered in 1851 at Golden Gully,
when prospectors worked their way north east from
Ophir, where the first alluvial gold mining in
Australia had commenced a few months previously.
Gold mining licences were introduced in May 1851;
they cost 30 shillings per month and were only
issued for alluvial gold.
During 1851-1852, a miner called Collinson
crushed reef gold to pass it off as alluvial gold.
He eventually won the right to mine ‘gold in matrix’
from the line of country between the Turon River
and Dirt Hole Creek.
Surface gold was won from Hawkins Hill in 1855
and reef claims were worked along the right bank
of Golden Gully from 1859.
The Alpha Gold Mining Co. (commonly know as
‘The Old Company’), was one of the first on the
field.
They brought out Cornish miners and in 1857
erected the first stamper battery in Australia at ‘The
Old Company's Ground’.
In 1855 gold-bearing quartz was worked on the
surface of Hawkins Hill by the Rowley brothers, but
the existence of a reef extending to depth was
discovered by Daddy Nichols, a Cornish miner.
This vein was first worked in 1860.
In 1870 a five head stamper was erected by Mr
Pullen at Hill End. Soon after he erected a modern
15 head stamper near the Hill End Post Office.
There was a slump in the early part of 1871, but
fresh finds towards the end of the year led to a
bigger gold rush.
Between 1870 and 1872 Hawkins Hill yielded very
rich deposits at depths of 40-50m. The deepest
workings on Hawkins Hill went down to about
240m.
The Beyers and Holtermann nugget, the largest
single piece of reef gold ever discovered in the
world, was found in the Star of Hope mine on
Hawkins Hill on 19 October 1872. It weighed about
286kg, and was worth at least £12 000 at the time.
Production from Hawkins Hill declined during 1873
and no new ore bodies of comparable size or
quality have been found since then.
During the boom years of 1871-1874 about 8 000
people lived at Hill End and Tambaroora. The total
recorded production for the district is over 50
tonnes of gold, 12.4 tonnes from Hawkins Hill
alone.
After 1874 mines closed down, and prospectors
moved to other fields, leaving only isolated mining
of old reef workings and alluvial diggings.
© State of New South Wales
through NSW Department of Primary Industries 2007
ISSN 1832-6668
Replaces Minfact 77
Check for updates of this Primefact at:
www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/primefacts
Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is
based on knowledge and understanding at the time of writing
(February 2007). However, because of advances in
knowledge, users are reminded of the need to ensure that
information upon which they rely is up to date and to check
currency of the information with the appropriate officer of
New South Wales Department of Primary Industries or the
user’s independent adviser.
Job number 7523
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