This Chinese paper gives a more precise understanding of the glymphatic system, I had earlier. From the point of ATH and ATH434 (earlier PBT434), the value of the Kosman paper becomes with all this new information about the glymphatic system even more important when we get to test ATH434 in PD, AD, Stroke, Brain injury, ALS, and MS, hope one day in the future. ( see the Kosman paper: Bailey et al: The iron chelator, PBT434, modulates transcellular iron trafficking in brain microvascular endothelial cells). The Bailey et al paper (2021) was never commented on by the management, as I have told earlier.

Review

Front Aging Neurosci

. 2023 Jun 15;15:1179988.

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1179988. eCollection 2023.

The glymphatic system: a new perspective on brain diseases

Zhao Ding ¹, Xiaodi Fan ¹, Yehao Zhang ¹, Mingjiang Yao ¹, Guangrui Wang ¹, Yilei Dong ¹, Jianxun Liu ¹, Wenting Song ¹

Affiliations expand

• PMID: 37396658

PMCID: PMC10308198 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1179988Free PMC article

Abstract

The glymphatic system is a brain-wide perivascular pathway driven by aquaporin-4 on the endfeet of astrocytes, which can deliver nutrients and active substances to the brain parenchyma through periarterial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) influx pathway and remove metabolic wastes through perivenous clearance routes. This paper summarizes the composition, overall fluid flow, solute transport, related diseases, affecting factors, and preclinical research methods of the glymphatic system. In doing so, we aim to provide direction and reference for more relevant researchers in the future.