Thanks "Dwayne" and "sullym". Very complex problem and yet it is...

Thanks "Dwayne" and "sullym". Very complex problem and yet it is v. important to limit ocean/marine life' damage and to keep minimising all rubbish as well as improving all production processes...

1/ The number of catastrophic mine tailings dam failures is increasing globally and has to improve...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420919306648

2/ Partly the result of geography (as in Norway) suitable and stable terrestrial locations to store mine tailings are hard to find because of the mountainous terrain. In PNG, mines face a similar problem and must also contend with frequent earthquakes and flooding during the rainy season that can destabilize tailings dams.
Although DSTP could be locally practical, it has poorly defined environmental impacts. Whether on-land storage or deep-sea placement is preferred for tailings disposal depends on the local settings. Overall, global impacts of DSTP with respect to sediment load to the ocean are relatively small compared with riverine discharges of sediments by anthropogenic activities. Ultimately, national and local laws dictate whether DSTP is a waste disposal option worthy of consideration or not.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-019-4336-1

3/ Lots of historical details here:
https://www.sprep.org/attachments/Publications/FactSheet/The_effects_of_mining_on_the_Environment_of_high_islands_a_case_study_of_gold_mining_on_Misima_Island_Papua_New_Guinea_5-Reduced.pdf

4/ Top ten of ocean pollution do not involve mining activities:
https://www.fairplanet.org/story/the-top-10-items-that-are-polluting-our-oceans/

5/ Take a look at the top 10 ocean issues: Pollution. ...Overexploitation of Fishing Resources. ...Unsustainable Aquaculture. ...Marine Engineering and Oil Drilling. ...Destruction of Habitats. ...Ocean Acidification and Coral Bleaching. ...High Levels of Mercury. ...Sea Temperature Rise.

6/ Most of ocean pollution is due to over-population and starts on land:
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pollution.html

7/ The Mediterranean is probably themost polluted oceanin the world. The United Nations Environment Programme has estimated that 650,000,000 tons of sewage, 129,000 tons of mineral oil, 60,000 tons of mercury, 3,800 tons of lead and 36,000 tons of phosphates are dumped into the Mediterranean each year.

8/ IMHO the biggest and most dangerous current polluters are:

Seven years on,radioactivewater atFukushimaplant still flowing into ocean, study finds. More than seven years after the March 2011Fukushimanuclear crisis,radioactivewater is continuing to flow into the Pacific Ocean from the crippled No. 1 plant at a rate of around 2 billion becquerels a day, a study has found.Mar 29, 2018

Seven years on, radioactive water at Fukushima plant still ...

9/ Single use plastics and v. poor recycling in lazy "developed" countries which are just sending their rubbish to poor countries to "dispose" it in their lands and neighbouring rivers/ocean waters:
https://www.greenpeace.org.au/blog/the-pristine-waters-of-the-philippines-are-being-choked-by-single-use-plastics/

10/ How much pollution is in the ocean 2020?
There is now 5.25 trillion macro and micro pieces of plastic in ourocean& 46,000 pieces in every square mile ofocean, weighing up to 269,000 tonnes. Every day around 8 million pieces of plastic makes their way into ouroceans.

100+ Plastic in the Ocean Statistics & Facts (2020) - Condor Ferries

11/ What does Australia do with their rubbish?

Most ofAustralia'splasticrubbishends up being stockpiled in warehouses or shipped to South-East Asia to be illegally burned. This means that, instead of being recycled, mountains of it is being dumped, buried or burned in illegal processing facilities and junkyards in Southeast Asia.Apr 15, 2019

12/ Pets and urban wildlife are major sources ofwater contaminationbecausepet wastecontains harmful bacteria and parasites.Dog fecescan contain fecal coliform bacteria, which can spread diseases like Giardia, Salmonella, and Campylobacter, causing serious illness in humans.

Stormwater Pollution Prevention ... - Keep It Clean Partnership

13/ One of the few silver linings of the COVID-19 epidemic has been cleaner air. A new study from North Carolina State University’s Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources says that water quality will also improve as a result — although we’re still unsure as to how much.
https://www.zmescience.com/science/coronavirus-water-pollution-925234/

I hope that KSN operations will be better and safer - for locals/ PNG and shareholders sake!