Ann: AGM Presentation, page-78

Must read from today's AFR.
Some extracts below as it is behind a paywall.

Demand for grid scale storage will increase considerably as will other battery storage. This will substantially increase, IMO, the need for many raw materials.
This is just for Australia .... multiply it by the many other countries that will have similar challenges.

Early coal power exit demands $12.5b transmission spend

Angela Macdonald-SmithSenior resources writer
Dec 10, 2021 – 12.01am


Australia’s coal power plants are retiring at least five years faster than anticipated, requiring an acceleration of investment in grid transmission, renewable generation and storage to replace it, including $12.5 billion of urgent transmission projects.
Almost two-thirds of coal generation capacity is likely to be gone by 2030, the Australian Energy Market Operator said in its draft blueprint for the power grid for the next 30 years, which has been overhauled with the race to net zero emissions, which the electricity sector is now expected to reach well before 2050."

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“So far, the National Electricity Market’s transformation has outpaced all expectations,” AEMO said.

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“In this scenario, the NEM will operate without coal generation by 2043. This requires a substantial increase in battery and pumped-hydro storage, hydrogen or gas-fired generation for peak demand, all complemented by a market that incentivises energy users to adjust demand based on system conditions.”

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It anticipates the construction of nine times the NEM’s existing large-scale wind and solar generation, from 15 gigawatts to 140 GW.
On a per capita basis, that means maintaining Australia’s world-beating rate of renewables growth of 2018-19 every year for the next decade to triple capacity by 2030, then almost doubling it again by 2040 and again by 2050.

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Distributed PV – essentially rooftop solar – is expected to increase capacity four-fold, from 15 GW to 70 GW, with most systems being coupled with a battery. By 2050, the 90 terawatt-hours of electricity generated by rooftop systems will meet almost one-fifth of total demand,
Firming capacity –such as storage, hydropower and gas power, which can be switched on at will – trebles, including 30 GW of utility-scale capacity.

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