ATH alterity therapeutics limited

Ann: ATH presents at the American Academy of Neurology, page-6

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    Thisistheabstractoftheposter:

    PBT434Preventsα-synucleinAggregation,NeuronLoss,MotorDysfunctionandReducesGlialCellInclusionsinaTransgenicMouseModelofMultipleSystemAtrophyDavidFinkelstein1,NadiaStefanova2,PaulAdlard1,MargaretBradbury3,DavidStamler31FloreyInstituteofNeuroscience,2MedicalUniversityofInnsbruck,3PranaBiotechnology
    Objective:ToevaluatetheefficacyofPBT434inamousemodelofmultiplesystematrophy(MSA)BackgroundBT434isanovel,brain-penetrant,smallmoleculeinhibitorofα-synucleinaggregation.InseveralanimalmodelsofParkinsondisease,PBT434reducedα-synucleinaggregationandoxidativestress,preservedneuronsandimprovedmotorfunction(doi:10.1186/s40478-017-0456-2).ThePLP-α-Syntransgenicmodeloverexpressesα-synuclein,demonstratesoligodendroglialpathologyandmanifestsmotorandnon-motoraspectsofMSA(doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.05.008).PBT434isthoughttoactbyredistributingreactiveironacrossmembranes,therebyblockingintracellularproteinaggregationandoxidativestress.TheaffinityofPBT434forironisgreaterthanthatofα-synucleinbutlowerthanthatofirontraffickingproteins,e.g.,ferritin.
    Design/MethodsBT434orvehiclewasadministeredorallyfor4(±1)monthsat3to30mg/kg/daystartingatage8or12months.Micewereculledat12or16months.Westernblotsassessedoligomericandaggregatedαsynucleinbrainlevels.Nigralneuroncounts(12and16months)andglialcellinclusions(GCI)wereassessedinthesubstantianigra(SN)andpons(16months)bystereology.Motorfunctionwasassessedwiththepoletestat12and16months.
    Results:At12and16months,PBT434reducedoligomeric(P<0.05andP<0.01)andaggregated(P<0.05andP<0.01)α-synuclein,respectively,andpreservedSNneuronsat16months(P<0.001).At16months,PBT434reducedGCIinSNandpons(P<0.001andP<0.01,respectively).PBT434improvedmotorfunctiononthepoletestat12and16months(P<0.05).
    ConclusionsBT434reducedα-synucleinaggregationandglialcellinclusions,preservedSNneuronsandimprovedmotorfunctioninananimalmodelofMSA.PBT434isasmallmoleculedrugcandidatewithpotentialfortreatingMSA.
    In these both abstracts, our old Prana has stated that " PBT434 is thought to act by redistributing reactive iron across membranes, thereby blocking intracellular protein aggregation and oxidative stress ".
    Now we live in ATH times and I do hope that Dr. Sinclair will soon tell why PBT434 works. In Prana times Prana could tell what "is thought to act..." but in this modern time there is a need for a better understanding of how PBT434 works, sirtuins and mitochondria are for sure part of this.

    I repost here an abstract by Huang et al telling what iron overload does and how also iron chelator helps the problem. Nothing yet about sirtuins, so there is some work left for Dr. Sinclair.
    J Neurochem. 2018 Dec;147(6):816-830. doi: 10.1111/jnc.14621. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

    Iron-induced energy supply deficiency and mitochondrial fragmentation in neurons.

    Abstract

    Iron dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial impairments are both vitally important for the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, how these two pathological phenomena are linked with one another remains unclear, especially in neurons. To address the question, a model of iron overload was established with exposure of rat primary cortical neurons to excessive iron. We first verified that iron overload resulted in a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in neurons. Meanwhile, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c was significantly increased after iron overload and consequently triggered an apoptosis signal, as revealed by Caspase 3 cleavage. To explore the potential underlying molecular mechanisms, an unlabeled quantitative proteomics approach was applied to primary neurons. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that 58 mitochondria-associated proteins were significantly altered, including three subunits of mitochondrial complex I and optic atrophy 1(OPA1). Increased NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit and decreased NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A10 levels were further validated by a western blot, and more importantly, complex I activity markedly declined. Iron-induced down-regulation on the OPA1 level was also validated by a western blot, which was not reversed by the anti-oxidant but was reversed by the iron chelator. Moreover, an OPA1-associated key downstream effect, mitochondrial fragmentation, was found to be aggravated in neurons exposed to excessive iron, which is consistent with the down-regulation of OPA1. Furthermore, the protein level of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1, an important protein closely related to complex I activity and mitochondrial fragmentation, also significantly declined in neurons by iron overload. Thus, our findings may shed new light on the linkage between iron toxicity and mitochondrial impairments, such as energy supply deficiency and mitochondrial fragmentation, and further expand the toxic repertoire of iron in the central nerve system.

 
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