AVZ avz minerals limited

Ann: AVZ Signs First Lithium Offtake Agreement, page-165

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    Hi Freehold, my understanding is they will require around 1.5kg - 2 kg per kWh. Lithium ion batteries (NCM and NCA 8:1:1 types) require 0.9kg lithium per kWh. Main reason is the anode is essentially a metal in SSBs, and previously the anode was graphite, and graphite in the anode of lithium ion batteries, from recollection, is about 1kg per kWh. I went through some of this in the Understanding Lithium Demand thread.

    The pic below explains battery types from Albermale and lithium needs:
    From - https://investors.albemarle.com/static-files/303f2ffb-f2a5-4e62-8e95-c5241c3dae09
    https://hotcopper.com.au/data/attachments/2764/2764976-fbd127e9aaccc347757e1f2ab6564dd1.jpg


    With SSB, the anode is essentially metal based in a way, and that is why in the past I say these batteries will require a lithium carbonate input, but a very very high quality lithium carbonate input for the conversion to metal -
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_chloride

    Obviously lithium need ultimately depends on the makeup of teh battery and inputs, given teh batteries themselves and mix of inputs is still IMO in the 'research stage', albeit thereseach has improved vastly in the last two years based on this - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/solid-state-battery

    Further reading:
    https://news.mit.edu/2020/solid-batteries-lithium-metal-electrode-0203
    https://www.caradvice.com.au/909562/solid-state-batteries-are-the-new-arms-race-car-giants-race-to-be-first/

    All IMO
 
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