GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) toxicology studies typically...

GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) toxicology studies typically progress from rodents (usually rats) to non-rodent species (often dogs) for several important reasons:1. Species differences: Rats and dogs may metabolize drugs differently or show varied responses to compounds. Testing in both species provides a more comprehensive safety profile[2].2. Regulatory requirements: Many regulatory agencies require testing in both rodent and non-rodent species before human trials can begin. This helps identify potential toxicities that may be species-specific[2].3. Physiological similarities: Dogs share more physiological similarities with humans in certain aspects, making them a valuable model for predicting human responses[2].4. Dose extrapolation: Using two species allows for better dose extrapolation and safety margin calculations for human trials.5. Longer-term studies: Dogs have longer lifespans than rats, enabling extended toxicity studies that better mimic human drug use durations.6. Cardiovascular assessment: Dogs are particularly useful for evaluating cardiovascular effects of drugs, which is crucial for safety assessment[2].By testing in both rats and dogs, researchers can gather more comprehensive safety data, better predict potential human toxicities, and meet regulatory requirements for drug development.Sources[1] Central Nervous System GLP-1 Receptors Regulate Islet Hormone ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5505222/[2] Preclinical GLP Neurotoxicology - MD Biosciences https://www.mdbneuro.com/glp-nonclinical-safety-neurotoxicology[3] 4-Week repeated dose rat GLP toxicity study of oncolytic ECHO-7 ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7840795/[4] Simultaneous assessment of central nervous and respiratory ... https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056871923000199[5] Behavioral tests in rodent models of stroke - PMC - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8315143/