Ann: Breakthrough in Gallium & Germanium Recovery, page-107

As the Demo unit is being designed to be feedstock agnostic, I also noticed some feedstocks like spodumene required flashing for several minutes, others a fraction of a second. Possible it could use both capacitor and ac/dc depending on the application, considering the following quote from the Narure article (co written by James Tour).

“The advantages of a capacitor-based system include the precisely controllable timescale of power delivery through associated electronics (Fig. 1C), the controllable predetermined energy value, and the ability of many models of capacitors to be charged to several hundred volts. Consequently, capacitor-based systems can achieve high power output, up to 1 MW (ref. 23), but are limited in output duration (usually subsecond timescales) “