The integrity of the BBB is compromised in PD patients so...

The integrity of the BBB is compromised in PD patients so it's possible afamelanotide may penetrate the BBB. However, afamelanotide may also restore the BBB so I'm not sure how the benefit from treatment is derived.

Just a layman's guess but perhaps the dual benefit of restoring the BBB and regulating vascular activity lowering cytokines and inflammation in general, in addition to afamelanotide "leaking" past the BBB to where it's needed, might be a total treatment regime. Vascular degeneration is a major contributor to neurodegenerative disorders and there are a number of research papers available showing the positive upside to a-msh regulating vascular activity and reducing the inflammatory actions of a compromised BBB.

Anyway, it's these kinds of studies that people who are very familiar with these peptides have been waiting for (Uhoh et al), real world testing in humans. As much as this company annoys me, I am interested to see how this goes and if it opens up the door to further studies across other neurodegenerative disorders.