It may be worthwhile discarding the uranium as new fusion methods are advancing -
In April 2024, China released the draft of its amended Atomic Energy Law, nearly seven years after initial discussions began. The law will serve as the guiding document for the regulation of nuclear power, including research and development of the nascent nuclear fusion industry. In the past year, the Chinese government included nuclear fusion development in its annual government work reports for the first time. Zhang Jianhua, head of China’s Energy Administration, also called for establishing a “forward-looking strategy” for China’s nuclear fusion industry.
China is not alone in its growing interest in nuclear fusion. At the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), former U.S. climate envoy John Kerry unveiled a new international partnership initiative on nuclear fusion involving 35 country partners. Although specific details about the partnership have yet to be disclosed, this groundbreaking initiative represents the first time that nuclear fusion, once considered in the realm of science fiction, has been presented as a viable climate solution at a U.N. climate change conference.
A flurry of nuclear fusion legislation has mushroomed globally in the past few years. Within the United States, the Department of Energy set out a 10-year plan in 2022, which includes an initiative that coordinates all fusion-related work under a single program to streamline fusion research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) activities. Data from the International Atomic Energy Agency indicates that there are 96 nuclear fusion pilot projects worldwide, with an additional 11 under construction and 29 planned. Most of them emerged in the last two years.
Controlled nuclear fusion emulates the process that powers the sun, merging two lighter atomic nuclei into a heavier one under extreme pressure and heat, releasing immense energy. This process is the exact opposite of nuclear fission, which involves splitting a nucleus into two lighter ones and is the basic mechanism for power generation in nuclear power plants. Like nuclear fission, nuclear fusion is emission-free, but it surpasses fission in one crucial aspect: It produces no long-term radioactive waste.
Utilizing two heavier hydrogen isotopes, abundant in seawater, nuclear fusion could provide humanity with an almost inexhaustible energy source. The energy yield from nuclear fusion is also incredibly high: according to the IAEA, fusion could generate four times more energy per unit of the weight of fuel than nuclear fission and nearly 4 million times more energy than oil or coal. These advantages make nuclear fusion the celebrated “Holy Grail” of 21st-century technological advancement.
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