Idronoxil (IDX) has been tested at two research centres: (i) The...

Idronoxil (IDX) has been tested at two research centres: (i) The Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of the Goethe-University, Frankfurt and (ii) the Department of Clinical Oncology and the Centre
for Cancer Research at Hong Kong University. Both centres were selected for their expertise in the immuno-oncology field.

The in vitro studies were conducted using human immune cells (lymphocytes), particularly those immune cells (T-cells) predominantly responsible for attacking cancer cells and known as CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells and double CD4+CD8+ cells. The cancer targets were clusters of human cancer cells known as spheroids, regarded in cancer research as representative of small (micro-) tumours.

Additional to confirming the capacity to IDX modulate the S1P pathway in cancer cells, this study showed that IDX activates immune cells (CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells) which then start clustering and proliferating
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Hong Kong University (HKU) study. This study examined the effects of IDX on tumour-lymphocyte interactions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells, a major cancer in Southern China and South-East Asia. Interestingly, combining IDX with the chemotherapy drug, cisplatin, enhanced the expansion and trafficking of immune cells compared to cisplatin alone, pointing to the immune-priming effect of IDX possibly also playing a role in clinical responses to combinations of Veyonda and chemotherapy. Their results show that a low dose of IDX activated T-cells (CD4+ , CD8+ and double-positive (CD4+CD8+ ) cells) (Table 1), causing them to proliferate and to infiltrate the cancer cell spheroids (Table 2). This increased infiltration positively correlated with increased killing of the NPC cancer cells.