Enriched niobium oxide can form through a variety of methods, including:
Physical vapor deposition
Non-stoichiometric niobium oxides can be grown on substrates by depositing niobium in an oxygen-enriched ultrahigh vacuum.
Reactive magnetron sputtering
Polycrystalline films of niobium oxides can be formed by sputtering at a moderate temperature and then annealing in a vacuum.The stoichiometry of the film can be tuned by varying the oxygen flow during deposition.
Solvothermal synthesis
Niobium oxide nanoparticles can be formed by dissolving niobium chloride in benzyl alcohol, forming octahedral complexes, heating the solution, and then polymerizing and nucleating.
Thermal oxidation
Niobium oxides can be formed through thermal oxidation.
Niobium oxide is a transition metal oxide that has many uses, including in electrochromic devices, energy-efficient windows, and oxygen sensors.
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