Just as a genuine question—who is mining 4% copper today,...

Just as a genuine question—who is mining 4% copper today, particularly at scale?
While high-grade deposits certainly exist, they are rare, and the global average grade for mined copper has been steadily declining for years due to resource depletion. Deposits with grades around 1%—and even lower for porphyry deposits—are widely considered economic, especially when supported by modern mining and processing technologies, favourable strip ratios, and the potential for by-product credits.
Regarding Mt Charmers, it's important to note that the project is currently in the Lassonde Curve's 'Orphan Period,' where valuations tend to lag behind the actual progress being made on the ground. This phase often involves heavy exploration and development activities, such as drilling out additional deposits, to enhance the project's resource base.
In my view, Qmines is taking the right approach by focusing on expanding its asset base, and the project appears significantly undervalued relative to its resource potential. As the market recognises these developments and the project moves closer to production, there’s considerable upside potential.