So in Fremont they put it through its paces using specific test equipment that is built for testing memory technology.
They perform the tests and complete the analysis that provides electrical verification and characterisation.
It helps them determine how the memory works, what causes it to fail (i.e. is it the refresh rate (retention), is it the programming speed, voltage, etc... So for the purposes of the platform lots, where there are multiple variations being tested, it helps them to determine the best receipie to bake the next validation lot.
a bit of history here - in 2016 (when they were on the non platform lots) they had their own custom test solution which they could do the endurance testing really quickly. In 2022 they replaced it with off the shelf soliton ahead of testing the platform lots. Basically they wanted to be able to provide results in an industry relevant context, which they arguably couldn't do with a custom solution.
im not exactly sure what equipment they use - but here is an example of what they do - this is a bit of an industry leading example (they don't have this exact capability) but this quick video should give you the gist..
https://youtu.be/pOs2SZIzshQ?si=0NvSj0TDySoOkj5A
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