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Originally posted by Burnside: ↑

IF Citronen gets off the ground we may very well be on a winner with the renewable sector demand for zinc and if that chart below is correct.

Zinc: A versatile metal powering the renewable energy movement | Finance News Network (finnewsnetwork.com.au)

Zinc: A versatile metal powering the renewable energy movement
COMPANY NEWS
byPeter MiliosJuly 07, 2023, 10:05 AM

Zinc finds its primary application in the galvanizing process, where it safeguards iron and steel from rusting. It also possesses the versatility to form alloys with other metals, enabling its use in die-casting applications for creating various shapes like door handles.

Although these characteristics might appear insignificant in terms of inconvenience management, they play a crucial role in fostering a sustainable future by considerably prolonging the lifespan of steel.

By ensuring the longevity of equipment, fewer new resources are required to constantly replace it.

In the case of zinc, this translates to reduced steel production and subsequently, a decreased need in the energy to mine and process iron ore into steel.

Beyond its industrial applications, zinc plays a vital role as an essential nutrient in the human body.

Zinc supports normal growth and development throughout different life stages, including cell growth, enzyme function, and DNA activity, and since the body cannot produce it, it must be obtained from food.

Its uses have also been associated with the renewable energy movement, which has recently been exacerbated by the fact that Canada has included it in its list of critical minerals.

This is because devices like wind turbines and solar panel structures rely heavily on zinc for corrosion protection.

In fact, the World Bank is estimating about 98% of renewable energy’s demand for zinc will be driven by its use in wind turbines.

Another potential purpose comes from using them as a zinc-ion battery as a possible replacement for the renowned lithium-ion battery.

Zinc offers a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to its abundance, low cost, and environmentally friendly characteristics.

They can also be considered safer than lithium-ion batteries as they use water-based chemistry, avoiding the fire problem that occurs with Li-ion batteries in EV battery packs.

In the long term, zinc-based batteries offer competitive advantages in addressing the lithium-ion shortage.

However, due to the early market entry of lithium technology and established consumer loyalty, as well as ongoing investment returns from lithium-ion battery facilities, zinc-based batteries may not surpass lithium-based batteries in the short term.

So, there is still a fair bit of work away from being a commercially viable replacement to the current gold standard of EV batteries.

When looking ahead, due to zinc’s applications in industrials, as well as its anticipated contribution to the renewable energy movement, there is expected to be a supply deficit.

"Zinc is set to play a crucial role in the development of a low carbon economy, particularly in the renewable energy sector, where it is vital for the production of wind turbines and solar panels.

Taking into account S32's 1.5-degree climate change scenario, which predicts a significant increase in demand for these technologies, zinc demand is projected to double to approximately 25 million tonnes by 2040.

This equates to a significant supply gap of 12 million tonnes, primarily driven by major mine depletions, lack of new discoveries, and regulatory constraints on approvals," states Shane Sikora, Managing Director of Rumble Resources.
This is illustrated below.

"Zinc inventories have reached historically low levels with a looming supply deficit. It is estimated that four out of the ten major producers have less than a decade's worth of mine life remaining," states Mr. Sikora.

Regarding its mining operations, approximately 80% of global zinc ore is obtained through underground mining, while 8% comes from open-pit mines, and the remaining 12% is mined using a combination of both methods.

The extraction process involves crushing the ore and combining it with water to form zinc sulphide concentrate, which is then converted to zinc oxide through roasting or sintering before being processed into metallic zinc, with the additional production of sulphuric acid from the oxidized sulphur contained in the zinc concentrate.

Overall, zinc’s applications in industrials, combined with its potential for sustainable development and contribution to renewable energy, highlight its continued significance and potential for future advancements.

As a crucial nutrient and with its sustainable characteristics, zinc holds a promising future, driving innovation and supporting global efforts toward a greener and more resilient economy.

cheers.

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Hi Burnside, yes you’re right. If Citronen gets up and running and this comes to pass, IBG will be well placed. I remember ten years ago or so, reports offering opinion on zinc supply / demand due to renewables, fertilisers and galvanising China & India’s steel. Admittedly the LME inventory has reduced from around 1M tonnes to about 80k, the price hasn’t changed much despite all the “closures” and “reduced “supply. Thankfully zinc hasn’t dropped below $1/lb, but needs to increase by at least 50% as an average price to warrant investment in Citronen. I also don’t think the EXIM or any other Scandi mining firm is going to invest while there is a war between Russia and anyone else. So, my question is, how many cap raises will we need before this hallelujah demand surge by/around 2040?
Im wearing my negativity pants today

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Last updated 11.36am 06/06/2024 ?

Hi Burnside, yes you’re right. If Citronen gets up and running...

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