Frankly, I believe the coal market is highly unpredictable. Personally, I’m not optimistic about prices returning to their previous highs. When prices dropped and stayed low, many attributed it to stockpiling, but that explanation was never particularly insightful.
More importantly, there has been a notable increase in supply — especially from China and India — which has reduced their reliance on coal imports. Even if a particular coal miner doesn’t sell directly to these countries, their reduced import demand affects global coal prices. While much of the coal produced domestically by China and India is of lower quality, it’s still sufficient to fuel power plants.On the demand side, the picture is also shifting. I've always been sceptical of the claim that "renewables are cheaper" — a line often repeated without context. While China (and others) typically prioritise economics, they have still invested heavily in renewables, partly due to international pressure. This isn’t to say they’ve turned away from coal — far from it — but renewables are slowing the growth in coal demand.This moderation comes in several forms. The most effective renewable hydro due to its non-intermittent nature and has benefited from significantly higher rainfall in 2025 compared to 2024. Meanwhile, although most renewables are intermittent (and batteries way too expensive to smooth things out at a major level), some coal-fired plants are now able to ramp up or down to accommodate them, improving overall system flexibility. Admittedly, there’s an efficiency cost, and coal still lags LNG in responsiveness speed and ability.
That leads to another key factor: LNG is a growing threat to coal. It emits roughly half the CO₂ per unit of energy and is better suited for balancing intermittent renewable supply. I’m not making a climate change argument here — just noting that even China and India face internal and external pressure to reduce emissions.Do I still believe coal is often the cheapest form of power if cost were the only factor? Yes. But cost is no longer the sole consideration for policymakers.
https://www.economist.com/china/2025/05/29/chinas-carbon-emissions-may-have-peakedNone of which is to say that coal companies won't remain profitable in certain cases, the issue is (as always) the degree of their profitability compared to their share price.
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