Ann: Proprietary Purification Achieves 4N 99.99% Carbon, page-28

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Recycled graphite for more sustainable lithium-ion batteries

AUTHORS

Mayokun Olutogun, Anna Vanderbruggen, Christoph Frey, Martin Rudolph, Dominic Bresser, Stefano Passerini

4 CONCLUSION

The successful use of recycled graphite obtained via a highly efficient froth-flotation method as anode material for LIBs has been demonstrated—to the best of our knowledge for the first time. The physicochemical characterization revealed only very minor metallic impurities with no significant impact on the material performance—neither in half-cells nor in graphite‖NMC₅₃₂ full cells, allowing for an excellent cycling stability of the latter for more than 1000 cycles with a capacity retention of about 80%. In fact, the performance of recycled graphite in full cells is comparable to that of pristine commercial graphite, underlining the great potential of this recycling process and the potential direct recovery of graphite for the production of more sustainable LIBs.