"and the same goes for China primary synthetic graphite production, they also use renewable energy from wind and solar with limited amount from nuclear, natural gas, and coal."
You're incorrect. From Minviro: “More than 90 percent of graphite for anodes comes from China, and the bulk of that from the northern Inner Mongolia region, where energy is cheap but depends largely on coal-fired power plants.”
“Given its privileged position when it comes to energy prices, Inner Mongolia hosts approximately 46% of China’s graphitization capacity “ - Fastmarkets article from 2021, probably a larger percentage now as synthetic has increased over natural.
You can try and frame synthetic as a "recycling" operation, but independent LCAs conducted by Hitachi and Minviro speak for themselves.
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