the deleterious elements in ionic clays generally aren't locked in the lattice of the host that the REO exist.
therefore when processing the uranium and thorium isn't concentrated linearly with the TREO. It effectively is dropped out in the early parts of the process circuit and exists at the low ppm levels it was extracted at (NORM).
Hard rock projects generally need dedicated storage facilities to house the waste material which contains the thorium and uranium.
Most of the poor environment practices typically synonymous with ionic relate back to insitu leaching as a process methodology and poor rehabilitation. Vat tank leaching or heap leaching avoids in-situ leaching.
Then it just requires adequate rehabilitation for the processed material. both ixr, serra verde, tantalus, aclara penco have good literature within their studies or in the form of ESIA or EHIA which delineates the specifics of this.
SF2TH
the deleterious elements in ionic clays generally aren't...
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