Commercial banks have a privilege, they can create money. If you want a loan, they just open an account in your name with the amount to be borrowed credited to you. And they have been doing it for ages.
Sure, that there are limits, based upon capital adequacy and reserve ratios and leakages. But they do create lots of money just out of sin hair. Reserve banks only create base money. However, one must realize that they cannot force people to take loans. Central banks, or governments if you prefer, can impose restrictions upon credit expansion. or rationed it. either directly by convincing banks to lend to A and not to B, or indirectly by increasing its price, aka interest rates.
Because the importance of banking, France nationalized its banking industry as they had a socialist government and an economic model based upon dirigisme.
"The main French tool under dirigisme was indicative planning through plans designed by the Commissariat général du plan ("Commission for the Plan"). Indicative planning used various incentives to induce public and private actors to behave in an optimal fashion, with the plan serving as a general guideline for optimal investment. During this period France never ceased to be a capitalist economy directed by the accumulation of capital, profit-maximizing enterprise and market-based allocation of producer goods...
Because French industry prior to the Second World War was weak due to fragmentation, the French government encouraged mergers and the formation of "national champions": large industry groups backed by the state.Two areas where the French government sought greater control were in infrastructure and the transportation system. The French government owned the national railway company SNCF, the national electricity utility EDF, the national natural gas utility GDF, the national airline Air France; phone and postal services were operated as the PTT administration. The government chose to devolve the construction of most autoroutes (freeways) to semi-private companies rather than to administer them itself. Other areas where the French government directly intervened were defence, nuclear and aerospace industries (Aérospatiale).This development was marked by volontarisme, the belief that difficulties (e.g. postwar devastation, lack of natural resources) could be overcome through willpower and ingenuity. For instance, following the 1973 energy crisis, the saying "In France we don't have oil, but we have ideas" was coined. Volontarisme emphasized modernization, resulting in a variety of ambitious state plans. Examples of this trend include the extensive use of nuclear energy (close to 80% of French electrical consumption), the Minitel, an early online system for the masses, and the TGV, a high-speed rail network..."
