Lithium vanadium phosphate battery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_vanadium_phosphate_battery
This would be my perfect world with both PLS and TNG- voltage is higher, charging is quicker but this is not commercialised yet
Lithium/Vanadium- (Thank you Wikipaedia)
Phosphates[edit]
The use of inexpensive phosphates lowers battery costs. They possess much higher redox potentials,[clarification needed] so more energy can be gathered from them in the battery. The difference in redox potentials means that more electrons can be passed from cathode to anode per lithium ion.[2] Passing more electrons produces more electrical energy.
Phosphates display good electrochemical and thermal stability, so they are not dangerous to users. The use of phosphates in the battery lowers battery temperature while recharging.[3]
Vanadium[edit]
The use of vanadium in the cathode allows the reaction to release more energy under discharge and to recharge more quickly. The battery stores more energy and can be recharged much faster. Vanadium allows the battery to provide power while recharging.[4]
Vanadium phosphates are located in the cathode sink. The sink is the aqueous part of the cathode that contains many anions. The sink must maintain a certain concentration of vanadium phosphate to maintain the correct voltage. The structure of vanadium phosphates provide a higher capacity for lithium ions to bind to it.[3]
Applications[edit]
The LVP battery supplies a voltage of 4.7 to 4.8 volts compared to commercial lithium batteries such as the 3.7 volt lithium cobalt oxide battery. According to a manufacturer, when used to power electric vehicles the higher voltage provides superior power and acceleration, and longer range because of increased energy density. Alternatively, a smaller configuration can reduce weight and produce the same energy.[5]
Waste[edit]
LVP batteries are claimed to last longer than other types.[5] When disposed of at the end of their working life, the use of phosphates makes LVP batteries much less toxic than other lithium ion batteries, such as those using a cobalt oxide or manganese oxide instead of a phosphate.[6]
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Lithium is most always a component in the burgeoning battery market so it will be Lithium plus something- Vanadium sounds like a good fit to me- No cross promotion intended- it couldn't be avoided
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