2. Or reducing their deposits with the FED and depending on the speed, sink the USD.
They may not want to do item 2 in a hurry as the worldwide repercussions could be severe, but they should certainly contribute less. And if Japan is following China, wait for the FED to get the printing presses going (Monetizing more debt).
Whatever, the outlook for the USD is grim; the Iranian Oilbourse to open shortly as well and trading in Euros.