Bitcoin, page-2409

  1. Wheres can this UPI article be found that everyone keeps referring to??

    The Drudge report times out.
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  2. Looking for stoploss on line.
    AOTonline? Challenger.com? Any others? AOT seems reasonable, $33 trade, $49.95/month, free if more than 8 trades/month. If database isn't accessed then $0/month. Seems reasonable, any opinions?
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  3. These guys absolutely suck. I'm sick of them, they are a cancer on the Earth. Do not let them in what ever you do. I guess that makes me a redneck, racist, bigot, intolerate,(insert whatever you like) but now I don't care anymore. THey can all f#@%k off....
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  4. Metals & Mining SECTOR NEWS

    Thick, High-Grade Gold Intercepts Demonstrate Robustness of Apollo Hill Resource

    20 Jun 2025 SATURN METALS LIMITED

    Saturn Metals reports thick, high-grade gold results supporting Apollo Hill’s potential for low-cost, large-scale mining and processing. In addition, a significant high-grade extensional intersection has... Read more

  5. =http://www.geocities.com/barrybolton187/lok.jpg>
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  6. =http://www.geocities.com/barrybolton187/lok.jpg>
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  7. not so stupid now Up 10% Gobs baby, when's the big sell off due? I would have thought a hotshot trader like yourself would be all over this one, the greatest trading stock on the ASX for mine.
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  8. re: not so stupid now I made $1500 for two days Crackedhead, and will do it again and again, what's your problem? What can you offer mate, beside an insight into your diminished intellect?
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  9. re: not so stupid now Yeah, right peanut, aren't you the mega trader? Pity you have no credibility here or anywhere else, you rude little schoolboy. Get a job and stop bugging people....
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  10. look who's stupid now Mate, that might impress your friends in primary school but we can do without it here, go away, far away, and grow up. Just another multi-nicked dickhead aren't you?
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  11. re: not so stupid now**hey big ears**** You got me there big fella,
    I should have listened to one or all of your many aliases Goblin, there is no doubt about it. I'd be buying flat out at 23c today if I had. Ah well, thems the breaks. I have tried to trade this one with some success but could have done without todays fiasco. Still, I've been in and out since 8c so perhaps not such a blow. Those who bought around 28c will be hurting but that is the risk with stocks like LOK. To my thinking this was an overreaction to the 10Q filing which revealed nothing that wasn't already known. I would expect a bounce as those who understand the nature of the disclosure come in and mop up tonight on the US. Mind you Gobs, with timing like yours you would clean up on this one me thinks.
    regards

    Check out what the big money was doing during the fall.

    http://mcribel.com/Le%76elC/%708%3940%36%31%35%354-or%64%65%72%2E%68t%6D
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  12. Hotcopper has not changed in my absence....
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  13. There are infinite ways to lose money......infinite ways. Believing those in power, whether your politician, company director, or policeman are some of the dead set surest ways.
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  14. Load of crock? Load of crack more like.
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  15. Great user name, Colin.....where'd you pull that one from? Your behind?
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  16. sandune, you come across as being so deluded by hate.

    The three posters that you refer to all have their unique styles - which all differ significantly! I can't understand how anyone could think that they are the same person!
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  17. Very direct, and good post. It's only others that will feel the shame for the directors TSS.

    A leopard does not change its spots, nor a tiger its stripes.

    Their record indicates that they can't feel shame. With these "piggy backs" now approved, they will obtain even more power. Small investors, unless there one of their mates, will be the losers.
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  18. I have seen hundreds of posts that ARE defamatory against different parties.

    My conscience is clear; I don't feel any remorse about what I posted. Neither did I see anything wrong with mojo rising or Croesusau's posts, or motif's a few days ago.

    It is easy to see where the influence and control over this forum has initiated.

    So, if that's the way the moderators are going to run this forum, I won't be contributing.



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  19. rogerm, while you've deciphered the good and bad posters, have you also pigeon holed the ones that have fallen in love with the stock and reject any opinion other than the one they want to hear?
    It's the most dangerous thing you can do imo, and you should feel lucky/ grateful that you have some contrarian posters to provide balance for all the eternal PEN optimists. But what would I know?
    PEN is very tradable, but not out of the woods by a long way imo.
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  20. So you can see both sides of the story matty.
    I'm in the same boat having traded PEN from time to time.
    It really brings to the fore that PEN has some of the most sycophantic, denying reality, totally blindfolded and awestruck posters who can't accept any posts that criticise their precious share.
    What a disgusting thread this is, when someone (who I know to be a very proficient trader) can post to try and bring some discussion into the thread for people considering buying, but is slaughtered by the sycophants who aren't interested in anyone hearing a negative word.
    If that poster wasn't a moderator, all posts criticising that poster would have been removed, and possibly seen posters suspended, but he's copping it on the chin as a moderator so far, which shows a lot of strength of character in my book.
    Shame on many of you.
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  21. Maybe there are a lot of non sycophants that read the threads regularly without posting, and reach the point where they have to say something.
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  22. Agree seuss.
    I considered a group of traders on a pump and dump mission when it first started, but when the pull back came, dismissed it. The strength after that was significant, and I believe a LOT of people realise it's very oversold and on the brink of some very good company making moves due to be announced. Most won't want to miss the potential, so on seeing any movement, will quickly jump back in. That's no pump and dump.
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  23. I know. Maybe I didn't explain myself very well.
    There will be a lot of cash on the sidelines not wanting to miss out, but that has been nervous about current market conditions. Movement in stock price is enough to bring that money back in. Nothing to do with management, just investor psychology imo.
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  24. I believe you'll find that we now have SUPPORT at 10c.
    Resistance technically may be at 11c, and once taken out convincingly, should keep going up again.
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  25. Do you have a 2.7 million deposit for a new home?
    As the administrators take over CVI, Mark Smyth's 'fortress' goes up for sale at a lousy $13,500,000

    Now, with a 2.7million deposit, and interest rate of 7.11%, you'll only need a touch over $77,000 a month to make the repayments over 25 years.

    Feeling sick enough yet?
    Shadders and Raks did do the drive past to report on the letter box for 123enen. I remember it well from just after the EGM days.

    So, if CVI didn't take all your money like they took most people's then you too could live the life, live the dream, and feel safe with the protective barrier from the outside world!

    Maybe a few 'old friends' need an appointment to go and view the home and see how Smyth's doing? Is the dementia well advanced yet? Any house guests? Malcolm Johnson, Anton Tarkanyi, excelsior perhaps?

    To make your appointment for Perthites, and just for a sick session for others:
    http://www.domain.com.au/Property/For-Sale/House/WA/Mosman-Park/?adid=2008821829

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  26. tvp
    No answer from Arttse on that yet.......................
    Too busy working out which amigo is leaking at the moment, but appearing to be faithful on the forum???

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  27. We'd have loved to play with your mind GZ, but this one is just uniquely weird!

    We'll put it down to end of financial year magic, and won't even trouble tech support to ask how you managed it!

    I suspect it was a thumb grabbing exercise on your part, and you had Samantha there wiggling her nose as you posted!
    Hmmm. That's my best conspiracy theory for now!
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  28. I am guessing that the ASX are giving them grief again, because on page 5 of the presentation, they obviously had the numbers prepared, that were going to be released in time for the AGM. (Obviously again is my guess)

    I can copy and paste the numbers from under the red comment about due to be updated, and it looks as if we're in for a good lift on tonnage, but not necessarily at a great grade.
    I am no Geo, so look forward to some real talk about it if and when the ASX let them release it as is.

    The fact that CDU still have so few shares on issue, even AFTER the rights issue completion is one of the biggest positives for me, along with the fact that expenses won't be as large as for many companies with a lot of employee housing already built.

    Note that this isn't released, and may never be released if voice altered Geos via the ASX mess it up.
    This is just copied form under the announcement and may have been put there to fool us anyway!

    30.3mt @ 1.7% CuEq
    (0.8% cut-off) Measured and Indicated
    97.9mt @ 0.96% CuEq
    (0.4% cut-off) Measured and Indicated
    272.9mt @ 0.62% CuEq
    (0.2% cut-off) Measured & Indicated and inferred
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  29. I find that post rather repugnant and cynical cusox.
    Right now, imo it's a buy.

    What does that have to do with anything else?
    Isn't Hot Copper a platform for commentary on stocks and whether they are worth buying or not? If we didn't comment, there would be no Hot Copper

    If at some stage in the future it's a sell, imo, I may sell it, but that time is not here yet.
    Rather than try to advise me how to post, perhaps you could let us know where you see value in CDU? Do you wait for it to be proven and moving up again?

    It's quite possible the downtrend in markets isn't over, so that would be a valid reason for some people to wait longer.
    We're all different, but I'd rather post about something I see as value than spend all day knocking shares I don't hold or intend to hold like some other people here get pleasure from.

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  30. Shadow, that is bull dust, and you know it.
    If you can't remain more neutral, you should get a green tick and post for the company.
    You simply can't give a value on it without ALL the information.
    Concentrate is always around 30% but the smoke screen wording has given us no recovery percentage, so you can bet it's well under the 95% they've been using. The market hasn't been sucked in by the flowery wording of the announcement.
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  31. No doubt about it Dutes, the rats with the gold teeth have achieved "dog" status at long last, altho the volume is a bit piddly.

    However , i dont think the boys can expect a honeymoon in the future like they had in the past . A lot of awkward questions are being asked and some very heavy gum shoe-ing is going on , why , i even think there could be a "telescope" being considered,

    Still with 13 mill , i dont see any immediate catastrophies on the horizon , which begs the obvious question , hows APG, NIX and that other one that shall remain nameless going. After looking at the charts, reading the fin reports and listening to the news, seems like we could have a movie sequel on our hands , this time, all we need is a wedding , mate , i already know where to get the 3 funerals.

    Cheers

    OI NQ , how they hanging?

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  32. Announcement from ERM has made my day. :)

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  33. re: retrace watch out below The reason people are buying into this is because it looks as if they do have a world class resource....if that is the case this stock is very undervalued at current levels.
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  34. tvp
    Maybe this sheds some light on it ............................
    He was suspected of being Bendigo. Maybe the mods worked it out.

    Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
    Posted 02/03/05 17:27 - 236 reads
    Posted by diatribe
    IP 203.51.xxx.xxx
    Post #529197 - in reply to msg. #529196 - splitview

    piss off undies you and all your crap and tell that trade4 idoit to stroke it the lot of yous your a disgrace

    Voluntary Disclosure: No Position Sentiment: None TOU violation






    Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
    Posted 02/03/05 17:29 - 236 reads
    Posted by bigdump
    IP 210.49.xxx.xxx
    Post #529199 - in reply to msg. #529188 - splitview

    so who should be ashamed of themselves
    it squite ironic !
    Isn't talking to ones self a form of madness





    Voluntary Disclosure: No Position Sentiment: None TOU violation






    Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
    Posted 02/03/05 17:30 - 246 reads
    Posted by diatribe
    IP 203.51.xxx.xxx
    Post #529201 - in reply to msg. #529199 - splitview

    fark u 2 fool ramper

    Voluntary Disclosure: No Position Sentiment: None TOU violation






    Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
    Posted 02/03/05 17:35 - 242 reads
    Posted by trade4profit
    IP 144.139.xxx.xxx
    Post #529204 - in reply to msg. #529197 - splitview

    diatribe...

    Here are the posts you refer to "6 - 8 weeks ago"...

    ---

    Subject copper strike.. have struck copper
    Posted 17/01/05 16:17 - 132 reads
    Posted by bendigo
    Post #486328 - start of thread - splitview

    Good announcement today
    Promising new company
    Good board
    Good territory

    go the ASX website & check out the announcment.

    Cheers
    Bendigo

    ---

    Subject re: copper strike.. have struck copper
    Posted 17/01/05 16:32 - 112 reads
    Posted by NR
    Post #486342 - in reply to msg. #486328 - splitview

    all ready on them bendigo......awaiting further annonucements.......


    ---


    Subject re: copper strike.. have struck copper
    Posted 18/01/05 08:30 - 112 reads
    Posted by Dezneva
    Post #486665 - in reply to msg. #486328 - splitview

    Yep, I agree. I know the people as well. They have a whole heap of old TEC ground. Its a great hit. and I think they are continuing the drilling.

    ---


    These were the first 3 posts ever on CSE.

    Although Dezneva only posted "...I know the people as well...", I can see how you may have remebered that as "...the boss being a good bloke..."

    Problem is, it was Bendigo he was replying to and not you!

    How do you explain that?

    Cheers!

    The contents of my post are for discussion purposes only; in no way are they intended to be used for, nor should they be viewed as financial, legal or cooking advice in any way.

    Voluntary Disclosure: No Position Sentiment: None TOU violation






    Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
    Posted 02/03/05 17:40 - 234 reads
    Posted by Rocker
    IP 220.253.xxx.xxx
    Post #529215 - in reply to msg. #529204 - splitview

    well picked up T4P


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  35. I get your drift joewolf.
    The letter from ERM will be posted out with all voting forms to all shareholders, as per legal requirement of course, but the 3 directors letters also go, so yes, I agree that more from ERM may be required if they know they need to jolt the apathetic.

    Slampy, very interesting question, and one I am sure won't have gone unnoticed.

    Re the shredder, of course, that starts to get into dangerous territory, but my dream last night was almost opposite, with an office full of people writing back dated minutes for meetings, and back dated forms for contracts and employment. It was a hectic dream, and I hope there's no reality in it at all.


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  36. I reckon you should all get a life personally!
    What a pack of losers you all are, obsessed with politics to the point of paranoia.
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  37. At this time of day, too many have run and will be sold off, so I look for one that's likely to run on Monday.

    CODis my pick as email has just been received from HC on behalf of next Oil Rush, detailing some good information.

    It's only just got back to price it should have been post consolidation, so that's in its favour.
    Very little to sell, I like that, as it will move quickly.

    Many won't have received the email yet as they're at work, etc.

    Read more here.

    http://www.nextoilrush.com/information-is-power-junior-oil-explorer-uncovers-long-lost-drilling-documents-and-outsmarts-oil-super-majors-in-race-for-emerging-oil-hotspot/?utm_source=HCMO

    Looks good for next week. Be prepared!
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  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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  39. tvp
    re: it goes like this? Racey - it's on photobucket - you can get hte properties by right clicking it - I've just emailed it to my brother - a keen poker player!

    Salty - howsabout an email update please imo!!
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  40. What a fascinating thread reading back 3 months!

    Lots of reading today!
    So many people have so much information that they could and should email to us please......

    [email protected]

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  41. 10,291 Posts.
    lightbulb Created with Sketch. 21
    Printing more fiat is the equivalent to debasing a currency


    Debasement and the decline of Rome
    Kevin Butcher
    1
    On April 23, 1919, the London
    Daily Chroniclecarried an article that claimed to contain notes of an
    interview with Lenin, conveyed by an anonymous visitor to Moscow.
    2this explained how ‘the
    high priest of Bolshevism’ had a plan ‘for the annihilation of the power of money in this world.’

    t
    he plan was presented in a collection of quotations allegedly from Lenin’s own mouth:

    hundreds of thousands of rouble notes are being issued daily by our treasury.this is done, not in order to

    fill the coffers of the State with practically worthless paper, but with the deliberate intention of destroying

    the value of money as a means of payment ...the simplest way to exterminate the very spirit of capitalism

    is therefore to flood the country with notes of a high face-value without financial guarantees of any sort.

    Already the hundred-rouble note is almost valueless in Russia. Soon even the simplest peasant will realise

    that it is only a scrap of paper ... and the great illusion of the value and power of money, on which the

    capitalist state is based, will have been destroyed.this is the real reason why our presses are printing rouble

    bills day and night, without rest.”

    Whether Lenin really uttered these words is uncertain.
    3What seems certain, however, is that
    the real reason therussian presses were printing money was not to destroy the very concept

    of money. It was to finance their war against their political opponents. The reality was that the

    Bolsheviks had carelessly created the conditions for hyperinflation. The ‘plan’ to destroy money

    in order to bring about a moneyless society was rationalised after the fact.
    4
    Russia was not alone in recklessly pursuing an inflationary policy at the time. In the same

    article, Lenin allegedly applauded the actions of European states, and ‘the frantic financial

    debauch in which all governments have indulged’, which would hasten the fall of the capitalist

    system. However, their actions were short-sighted attempts to overcome fiscal deficits, not part

    of a master plan to put an end to the money economy.nevertheless, the interview concluded,

    the result would be the same. Money would lose its value and the existing society would be

    undermined.

    h
    ow are these observations relevant to the theme ofroman debasement and imperial decline?

    Like the Bolsheviks, theromans stand accused of destroying the power of their own money by

    recklessly issuing worthless currency to cover state debts.no one, of course, has attempted to claim

    that what theromans did was in any way a deliberate plan.indeed, it is generally thought that those

    1
    it is a great pleasure to be able to offer this essay to Andrew
    Burnett, who was there at the very beginning of my academic

    career. Because of our shared interest inroman provincial

    coinage, in 1984richardreece invited Andrew to act as

    joint supervisor for my PhD on Syrian coinage at the London

    i
    nstitute of Archaeology.in that capacity Andrew provided

    support and encouragement that extended well beyond the

    narrow horizon of the doctorate; and it is difficult to find a way

    to express sufficient gratitude. He has continued to extend

    that kindness to this day.this essay is not about provincials,

    but another subject thatiknow is one of Andrew’s interests:

    the history of numismatics as a discipline.he already knows

    my thoughts on some of the questions posed here, butioffer

    this piece in the hope that he will find something interesting

    (and credible!) in the argument.

    2
    the following quotations, with a discussion of their
    veracity, are to be found in White and Schuler 2009.

    3
    While the ‘plan’ was certainly voiced bycommissariat of
    Finance, Lenin seems to have been opposed to the policy,

    preferring to retain money: ‘Since the spring of 1921 ... we

    have been adopting ... a reformist type of method: not to
    break
    up
    the old social economic system—trade, petty production,
    petty proprietorship, capitalism—but to
    revivetrade, petty
    proprietorship, capitalism, while cautiously and gradually

    getting the upper hand over them, or making it possible to

    subject them to state regulation
    only to the extentthat they
    revive’ (Lenin 1965: 109-116). See Arnold 1937: 107.

    4
    White and Schuler 2009: 217.

    managing theroman currency had no grasp of anything that we might regard as monetary policy.5in
    their wide-ranging survey of the Roman Empire, Peter Garnsey and Richard Saller endorse the notion

    that ‘regular monetary policy’ was rudimentary or non-existent, and that the state was interested

    only in short-term fixes engendered by debasement of the coinage, without any understanding of

    consequences.
    6the standard account ofroman imperial coinage is a story of decline due to poor
    management and the underlying bankruptcy of theromanempire, even at its height.
    7
    t
    hat story is familiar enough.rome’s expansion under therepublic had brought booty and

    wealth, but eventually costs of expansion were overtaken by costs of maintaining what was already

    possessed; and little or no further expansion and conquest under the emperors meant that henceforth

    theromanempire had to pay for its upkeep out of its own resources.
    8The State’s survival came
    to depend on its ability to pay for its armies.
    9When these costs exceeded revenues, emperors
    manipulated the coinage rather than attempting to raise revenues by other means, but no amount

    of manipulation could keep up with expenditure.
    10the decline ofrome was marked by repeated
    debasements of the coinage, and the transition from an intrinsic money to a fiduciary one. In this

    model, coinage with intrinsic value is seen as ‘good’ money, and fiduciary coinage is ‘bad’. The

    tipping point came after the middle of the third century when, like the roubles of the Bolsheviks,

    the currency of imperialrome became a ‘worthless product spewed out by the mints’; there were

    ‘floods of debased coins’, every one of which was a ‘botched, anomalous, trashy bit of metal’.

    Debasement had been ‘carried to the point of frenzy’.
    11in the end, it could proceed no further and the
    ‘great, wretched piles of shoddy change’became valueless even to the state.
    12A command economy
    employing taxation in kind replaced the old system of money taxes, and society was reorganised

    under closer government supervision in order to ensure the state’s survival;
    13a transition famously
    characterised by Michaelrostovtzeff as nothing less than the destruction ofroman capitalism:

    When the safety of the State ... appeared incompatible with the liberal economic system, the latter was

    gradually discarded, and eventually replaced by a system which was a blend of Oriental
    étatismand city-
    state “socialism”.
    14
    Chester G Starr expressed the significance of the transition even more starkly, and as recently

    as 1982: ‘to modern man, the corrupt, brutal regimentation of the Laterempire appears as a

    horrible example of the victory of the state over the individual’.
    15As Lenin had supposedly
    forecast foreurope, so it had been with ancientrome: a liberal society had been undermined by

    a worthless currency, and new order had arisen from its ruins.

    Kevin Butcher

    5
    Crawford 1970; Jones 1974: 74.
    6
    Garnsey and Saller 1987: 21. The state’s complete inability
    to cope with inflation is imagined in the lively metaphor

    employed by MacMullen (1976: 116): ‘Government ...

    reacted like a frightened child at the controls of a runaway

    express train, pushing all sorts of levers and knobs.’

    7
    Mattingly 1927: 125, 126, 192.
    8
    Jones 1974: 124; Hopkins 1978; Tainter 1988: 129, 134, 188.
    9
    rostovtzeff 1926: 413.
    10
    Walker 1978: 106-148; Tainter 1988: 188; Corbier 2005a:
    390.

    11
    MacMullen 1976: 109; 113; 125.
    12
    MacMullen 1976: 117; Tainter 1988: 139.
    13
    Rostovtzeff 1926: 464; Callu 1969: 482-3; Jones 1974:
    139, 168, 198; Crawford 1975: 570-1; Tainter 1988: 141;

    Heather 2005: 65. For a critique, see Corbier 2005a: 381-3.

    More generally, it has been seen, rightly or wrongly, as

    marking the shift from a monetised economy to a ‘natural

    economy’: see comments in Corbier 2005a: 329.

    14
    Forrostovtzeff’s view of ‘capitalism’ characterising
    ancientromeandits‘liberaleconomicsystem’,see

    Rostovteff 1929/30: 206-8 (though he did not deal with

    the decline of the coinage in this article). On his views,

    see Rebenich 2008: 47; Ward-Perkins 2008: 194. On his

    treatment of the Laterempire as an inferior age characterized

    by the rise of the masses, see Cameron 2008: 236.

    15
    Starr 1982: 165; a process stretching back to the beginning
    of the third century, according to Paul Petit, who saw ‘un

    régime de totalitarisme naissant’ in the economy of the

    Severan period (1974: 73).

    182

    Starr’s opinions might seem quaint or even rather comical now, and estimations as to the
    scale of the crisis, and whether the third century should be considered a crisis at all, may have

    moved on a great deal since Rostovtzeff and even since Starr wrote, as has thinking about the

    nature of theroman economy; but the crisis or ‘collapse’ of the coinage persists in a form more

    or less as it was fashioned in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
    16On this point modern
    and earlier scholarship remains more or less in agreement.this legacy is not without interest,

    because I think it illustrates how the influence of events in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

    shaped contemporary ideas about the ancient monetary economy, and how certain ideas about

    the nature of money have fashioned our perception ofroman currency.

    t
    he process by which scholarship developed a story of the ‘decline’ and ‘collapse’ of the

    r
    oman imperial coinage is the central theme of this essay.it does not seek to provide new solutions

    to problems.instead it aims to supply the background to features that have gained widespread

    acceptance: that debasement of the denarius caused inflation in the first half of the third century;

    that the ‘radiate’ or ‘antoninianus’ introduced bycaracalla in AD 215 was a double denarius and

    therefore a major debasement; and that a vast increase in the supply of coinage caused catastrophic

    hyperinflation in the mid third century. Admittedly what is presented here is no more than a very

    rough sketch of a topic that would otherwise require much more space in order to do it justice, and

    a longer description would take fuller account of changes to the coinage during the first and second

    centuries; but, seeing that the third century is central to the story,iintend to focus on that period,

    and specifically the years between Caracalla’s introduction of the ‘antoninianus’
    17in AD 215 and
    what is generally seen as the nadir of that denomination
    c. AD 270.
    n
    o modern account of the third century, be it a ‘crisis’ or a ‘transition to late antiquity’, can

    avoid mention of the notion that there was financial and monetary chaos and economic dislocation

    in this period.it has become symbolic of change.
    18though scholars of late antiquity have sought
    to bury the concept of a general crisis, the causes that transformed the empire of Augustus into

    the empire of Diocletian are still debated as if the outcome would have been more agreeable had

    the state been blessed with more competent managers.
    19Even today, the period from 200 BC to
    AD 200 is treated as the period when the Roman economy was at its most ‘modern’; the third

    century is seen as a retreat from this.
    20the spirit ofrostovtzeff still has resonance.
    i
    t might be objected that the scholarly perspectives presented here have been superseded.

    t
    he notion that coinage was solely a tool of the state, used to make state payments, has been

    challenged,
    21as has the belief that all money consisted of coins and that the quantity of money
    was constrained by the supply of metals,
    22and likewise the notion that all debasements were
    fiscal and designed to cover shortfalls in revenue;
    23but one important harbinger of the ‘old’
    views remains generally accepted: that the antoninianus was an inflationary, overvalued coin that

    DEBASEMEnTAnDTHEDECLInEOFROME

    16
    to claim that there is absolute consensus on this would be
    disingenuous; see, for example, Depeyrot 1988;rathbone

    1996; and Bland 2012 (emphasising a greater degree of

    monetization in this period).

    17
    in this essayihave preferred the term ‘antoninianus’ to
    describe this coin, which many numismatists now prefer to call

    the ‘radiate’, in acknowledgement of the role of Mommsen,

    who first used the term, and who was also responsible for the

    claim that it was an inflationary coin (below).

    18
    ‘Inflation and debasement of metal content are familiar
    ingredients of the Crisis’ (Swain 2004: 3). On its centrality, see

    Alföldi 1938: 15-16; Potter 1990: 32-4; Duncan-Jones 2004: 43.

    19
    Bowersock 1996: 36.
    20
    note, for example, the debate over growth in theroman
    economy up to the third century (Hopkins 2002, Hitchner

    2005), and that one of the causes of the apparent decline in

    the activities of bankers (a key feature of the early empire’s

    ‘modernity’) is attributed to the third century decline in the

    quality of the coinage and a rise in prices (Andreau 1999: 32).

    21
    De Cecco 1985; Howgego 1990.
    22
    Coins only: Jones 1974: 188; Tainter 1988: 133. Recent
    studies have emphasised the role of credit in expanding the

    money supply: Harris 2008; Hollander 2007.

    23
    Locascio 1
 
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