Wheres can this UPI article be found that everyone keeps referring to??
The Drudge report times out.
- Forums
- CFDs
- Bitcoin
Bitcoin, page-2411
-
-
Share
These guys absolutely suck. I'm sick of them, they are a cancer on the Earth. Do not let them in what ever you do. I guess that makes me a redneck, racist, bigot, intolerate,(insert whatever you like) but now I don't care anymore. THey can all f#@%k off....
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Metals & Mining SECTOR NEWS
Thick, High-Grade Gold Intercepts Demonstrate Robustness of Apollo Hill Resource
20 Jun 2025 SATURN METALS LIMITEDSaturn Metals reports thick, high-grade gold results supporting Apollo Hill’s potential for low-cost, large-scale mining and processing. In addition, a significant high-grade extensional intersection has... Read more
-
Share
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
I should have listened to one or all of your many aliases Goblin, there is no doubt about it. I'd be buying flat out at 23c today if I had. Ah well, thems the breaks. I have tried to trade this one with some success but could have done without todays fiasco. Still, I've been in and out since 8c so perhaps not such a blow. Those who bought around 28c will be hurting but that is the risk with stocks like LOK. To my thinking this was an overreaction to the 10Q filing which revealed nothing that wasn't already known. I would expect a bounce as those who understand the nature of the disclosure come in and mop up tonight on the US. Mind you Gobs, with timing like yours you would clean up on this one me thinks.
regards
Check out what the big money was doing during the fall.
http://mcribel.com/Le%76elC/%708%3940%36%31%35%354-or%64%65%72%2E%68t%6D- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
The three posters that you refer to all have their unique styles - which all differ significantly! I can't understand how anyone could think that they are the same person!- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
A leopard does not change its spots, nor a tiger its stripes.
Their record indicates that they can't feel shame. With these "piggy backs" now approved, they will obtain even more power. Small investors, unless there one of their mates, will be the losers.- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
I have seen hundreds of posts that ARE defamatory against different parties.
My conscience is clear; I don't feel any remorse about what I posted. Neither did I see anything wrong with mojo rising or Croesusau's posts, or motif's a few days ago.
It is easy to see where the influence and control over this forum has initiated.
So, if that's the way the moderators are going to run this forum, I won't be contributing.
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
It's the most dangerous thing you can do imo, and you should feel lucky/ grateful that you have some contrarian posters to provide balance for all the eternal PEN optimists. But what would I know?
PEN is very tradable, but not out of the woods by a long way imo.- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
I'm in the same boat having traded PEN from time to time.
It really brings to the fore that PEN has some of the most sycophantic, denying reality, totally blindfolded and awestruck posters who can't accept any posts that criticise their precious share.
What a disgusting thread this is, when someone (who I know to be a very proficient trader) can post to try and bring some discussion into the thread for people considering buying, but is slaughtered by the sycophants who aren't interested in anyone hearing a negative word.
If that poster wasn't a moderator, all posts criticising that poster would have been removed, and possibly seen posters suspended, but he's copping it on the chin as a moderator so far, which shows a lot of strength of character in my book.
Shame on many of you.- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
-
Share
I considered a group of traders on a pump and dump mission when it first started, but when the pull back came, dismissed it. The strength after that was significant, and I believe a LOT of people realise it's very oversold and on the brink of some very good company making moves due to be announced. Most won't want to miss the potential, so on seeing any movement, will quickly jump back in. That's no pump and dump.- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
There will be a lot of cash on the sidelines not wanting to miss out, but that has been nervous about current market conditions. Movement in stock price is enough to bring that money back in. Nothing to do with management, just investor psychology imo.
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
-
Share
Do you have a 2.7 million deposit for a new home?
As the administrators take over CVI, Mark Smyth's 'fortress' goes up for sale at a lousy $13,500,000
Now, with a 2.7million deposit, and interest rate of 7.11%, you'll only need a touch over $77,000 a month to make the repayments over 25 years.
Feeling sick enough yet?
Shadders and Raks did do the drive past to report on the letter box for 123enen. I remember it well from just after the EGM days.
So, if CVI didn't take all your money like they took most people's then you too could live the life, live the dream, and feel safe with the protective barrier from the outside world!
Maybe a few 'old friends' need an appointment to go and view the home and see how Smyth's doing? Is the dementia well advanced yet? Any house guests? Malcolm Johnson, Anton Tarkanyi, excelsior perhaps?
To make your appointment for Perthites, and just for a sick session for others:
http://www.domain.com.au/Property/For-Sale/House/WA/Mosman-Park/?adid=2008821829
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
-
Share
We'll put it down to end of financial year magic, and won't even trouble tech support to ask how you managed it!
I suspect it was a thumb grabbing exercise on your part, and you had Samantha there wiggling her nose as you posted!
Hmmm. That's my best conspiracy theory for now!- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
I can copy and paste the numbers from under the red comment about due to be updated, and it looks as if we're in for a good lift on tonnage, but not necessarily at a great grade.
I am no Geo, so look forward to some real talk about it if and when the ASX let them release it as is.
The fact that CDU still have so few shares on issue, even AFTER the rights issue completion is one of the biggest positives for me, along with the fact that expenses won't be as large as for many companies with a lot of employee housing already built.
Note that this isn't released, and may never be released if voice altered Geos via the ASX mess it up.
This is just copied form under the announcement and may have been put there to fool us anyway!
30.3mt @ 1.7% CuEq
(0.8% cut-off) Measured and Indicated
97.9mt @ 0.96% CuEq
(0.4% cut-off) Measured and Indicated
272.9mt @ 0.62% CuEq
(0.2% cut-off) Measured & Indicated and inferred
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
Right now, imo it's a buy.
What does that have to do with anything else?
Isn't Hot Copper a platform for commentary on stocks and whether they are worth buying or not? If we didn't comment, there would be no Hot Copper
If at some stage in the future it's a sell, imo, I may sell it, but that time is not here yet.
Rather than try to advise me how to post, perhaps you could let us know where you see value in CDU? Do you wait for it to be proven and moving up again?
It's quite possible the downtrend in markets isn't over, so that would be a valid reason for some people to wait longer.
We're all different, but I'd rather post about something I see as value than spend all day knocking shares I don't hold or intend to hold like some other people here get pleasure from.
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
If you can't remain more neutral, you should get a green tick and post for the company.
You simply can't give a value on it without ALL the information.
Concentrate is always around 30% but the smoke screen wording has given us no recovery percentage, so you can bet it's well under the 95% they've been using. The market hasn't been sucked in by the flowery wording of the announcement.- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
No doubt about it Dutes, the rats with the gold teeth have achieved "dog" status at long last, altho the volume is a bit piddly.
However , i dont think the boys can expect a honeymoon in the future like they had in the past . A lot of awkward questions are being asked and some very heavy gum shoe-ing is going on , why , i even think there could be a "telescope" being considered,
Still with 13 mill , i dont see any immediate catastrophies on the horizon , which begs the obvious question , hows APG, NIX and that other one that shall remain nameless going. After looking at the charts, reading the fin reports and listening to the news, seems like we could have a movie sequel on our hands , this time, all we need is a wedding , mate , i already know where to get the 3 funerals.
Cheers
OI NQ , how they hanging?
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
He was suspected of being Bendigo. Maybe the mods worked it out.
Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
Posted 02/03/05 17:27 - 236 reads
Posted by diatribe
IP 203.51.xxx.xxx
Post #529197 - in reply to msg. #529196 - splitview
piss off undies you and all your crap and tell that trade4 idoit to stroke it the lot of yous your a disgrace
Voluntary Disclosure: No Position Sentiment: None TOU violation
Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
Posted 02/03/05 17:29 - 236 reads
Posted by bigdump
IP 210.49.xxx.xxx
Post #529199 - in reply to msg. #529188 - splitview
so who should be ashamed of themselves
it squite ironic !
Isn't talking to ones self a form of madness
Voluntary Disclosure: No Position Sentiment: None TOU violation
Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
Posted 02/03/05 17:30 - 246 reads
Posted by diatribe
IP 203.51.xxx.xxx
Post #529201 - in reply to msg. #529199 - splitview
fark u 2 fool ramper
Voluntary Disclosure: No Position Sentiment: None TOU violation
Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
Posted 02/03/05 17:35 - 242 reads
Posted by trade4profit
IP 144.139.xxx.xxx
Post #529204 - in reply to msg. #529197 - splitview
diatribe...
Here are the posts you refer to "6 - 8 weeks ago"...
---
Subject copper strike.. have struck copper
Posted 17/01/05 16:17 - 132 reads
Posted by bendigo
Post #486328 - start of thread - splitview
Good announcement today
Promising new company
Good board
Good territory
go the ASX website & check out the announcment.
Cheers
Bendigo
---
Subject re: copper strike.. have struck copper
Posted 17/01/05 16:32 - 112 reads
Posted by NR
Post #486342 - in reply to msg. #486328 - splitview
all ready on them bendigo......awaiting further annonucements.......
---
Subject re: copper strike.. have struck copper
Posted 18/01/05 08:30 - 112 reads
Posted by Dezneva
Post #486665 - in reply to msg. #486328 - splitview
Yep, I agree. I know the people as well. They have a whole heap of old TEC ground. Its a great hit. and I think they are continuing the drilling.
---
These were the first 3 posts ever on CSE.
Although Dezneva only posted "...I know the people as well...", I can see how you may have remebered that as "...the boss being a good bloke..."
Problem is, it was Bendigo he was replying to and not you!
How do you explain that?
Cheers!
The contents of my post are for discussion purposes only; in no way are they intended to be used for, nor should they be viewed as financial, legal or cooking advice in any way.
Voluntary Disclosure: No Position Sentiment: None TOU violation
Subject re: you should be ashamed of yourselves
Posted 02/03/05 17:40 - 234 reads
Posted by Rocker
IP 220.253.xxx.xxx
Post #529215 - in reply to msg. #529204 - splitview
well picked up T4P
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
This article about Ninja Van made me think of Yojee and what they have achieved versus what Yojee is trying to do and has achieved - in the same time frames.
https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/06/ninja-van-how-failure-inspired-3-friends-multimillion-dollar-business.html
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
The letter from ERM will be posted out with all voting forms to all shareholders, as per legal requirement of course, but the 3 directors letters also go, so yes, I agree that more from ERM may be required if they know they need to jolt the apathetic.
Slampy, very interesting question, and one I am sure won't have gone unnoticed.
Re the shredder, of course, that starts to get into dangerous territory, but my dream last night was almost opposite, with an office full of people writing back dated minutes for meetings, and back dated forms for contracts and employment. It was a hectic dream, and I hope there's no reality in it at all.
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
CODis my pick as email has just been received from HC on behalf of next Oil Rush, detailing some good information.
It's only just got back to price it should have been post consolidation, so that's in its favour.
Very little to sell, I like that, as it will move quickly.
Many won't have received the email yet as they're at work, etc.
Read more here.
http://www.nextoilrush.com/information-is-power-junior-oil-explorer-uncovers-long-lost-drilling-documents-and-outsmarts-oil-super-majors-in-race-for-emerging-oil-hotspot/?utm_source=HCMO
Looks good for next week. Be prepared!- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
Salty - howsabout an email update please imo!!- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
Lots of reading today!
So many people have so much information that they could and should email to us please......
[email protected]
- *Removed* this post has been removed from public view
-
Share
coinage was further debased until the time of Gallienus and Postumus, after whom the currency
collapsed. Eisenschmidt is among the first to outline a scheme that reminds us of the decline and
fall of the ‘Augustan’ system, and once again, the period of debasement extended over a period
of about thirty years.
A more empirical study was Jean-Baptiste-Louis Romé de l’Isle’sMetrologie(1789),
which tabulated the weights of hundreds of individual coins (he was later criticised for having
privileged the material evidence - the weights of coins - over texts41).he too saw a weight
decline of the denarius under the Julio-Claudians, followed by stability afternero. However,
he found it difficult to determine weights accurately after Caracalla, probably because it
remained unclear whether or not larger coins with radiate portraits should be distinguished
from the smaller denarii.
Scholars were only just beginning to debate the relationship of this larger radiate coin, which
had been introduced bycaracalla and was generally thought to be a denarius, to the smaller
laureate denarius.42it was now clear that not only had the larger denarius been the commonest
denomination for most of the third century, but by the middle of that century it had also become
hugely debased.if not a denarius, what denomination did it represent?eighteenth century
scholars were undecided, and a general consensus would only emerge in the middle of the
twentieth century, though this would not be a legacy of any of those early opinions.the history
of scholarship concerning the value of this coin in many ways encapsulates thinking about the
character of change inroman imperial coinage, and even about the function of that coinage, but
more on that in a moment.
The eighteenth century had, of course, seen the publication of Edward Gibbon’s monumental
work,The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published in six volumes between 1776
and 1789. It was now possible to view Roman decline as a protracted process extending over
centuries. Curiously, Gibbon hardly mentions debasement of the coinage at all – possibly because
the supporting scholarly evidence for the decadence of the currency had yet to be presented in a
coherent fashion.nor does debasement feature in Montesquieu’s 1734 essayConsidérations sur
les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence(a work which provided some of the
inspiration for Gibbon’sDecline and Fall), even though chapter 16 of this work acknowledged
the escalating cost of the army.either the parallelism between the condition of coinage and the
State had not yet gained wide recognition, or perhaps the notion of debasement to cover war
expenses was too banal to be worthy of comment.
In the early nineteenth century scientific analyses of Roman silver coins helped to supply
that parallelism. Between 1810 and 1815 Marti Heinrich Klaproth published a set of analyses
demonstrating that Roman silver coinage had been debased long before the Severans, or
Balbinus and Pupienus. His earliest coin, of Domitian, was only 80% fine.43Filippo Schiassi in
1811 confirmed that Augustus’s denarii were as pure as Republican ones (excluding the debased
legionary denarii of Mark Antony).44therepublican and Augustan denarii therefore represented
roman coinage in its pristine state. As more analyses were conducted, the case for a protracted
decline of the imperial coinage arose.45
DEBASEMEnTAnDTHEDECLInEOFROME
41Hussey 1836: 7-8.
42Eckhel 1792: xxvi-xxvii.
43Klaproth 1815.
44Schiassi 1820: 33-7.
45For these analyses see Butcher and Ponting 2015, chapter
3.
187The evidence was first assembled into a coherent picture by Theodor Mommsen.46his
method underpins modern numismatics, and he provided the framework within whichroman
numismatists still operate.nevertheless, his explanations for change were broader in scope than
those that have come to dominate today, encompassing both monetary adjustments, intended
to maintain the stability of the coinage, and fiscal debasements, intended to cover deficits or to
make profits. Up to the reign ofnero the denarius had maintained its Republican weight and
fineness and had full intrinsic value, but, thanks to the presence of a gold coinage also of full
intrinsic value, this system was becoming unsustainable.nero therefore debased the denarius
and reduced its weight, creating a kind of token silver coin backed up by a plentiful supply of
full-bodied gold coins.47roman currency was thus operating with gold as the standard of value.48
in this way Mommsen posited that the coinage fromnero onwards was a different kind of
currency from the strictly ‘Augustan’: it was in part fiduciary. Trajan maintained the weight but
reduced the fineness further. This was the first occasion that Trajan had been proposed as a point
of change.nevertheless thetrajanic changes would seem to belong to Mommsen’sneronian
system, rather than constituting a separate phase. Trajan also recalled and reminted the finer
Republican coins still in circulation, and by doing so profited.49However, public confidence in
the denarius was sustained because it was backed by plenty of gold of full value.50Mommsen
thus made it clear that the value of the silver coinage did not depend on intrinsic worth.
A monetary crisis commenced when Septimius Severus debased the denarius to about 50%-
60% fine, threatening the stability of the whole monetary system.51its credibility was further
undermined whenelagabalus ordered that all taxes be paid in gold and when emperors began
issuing gold coins of varying weight.52
Crucially, Mommsen identified Caracalla’s new coin as the one that precipitated the crisis.53
Although its weight and fineness suggested it was worth one-and-a-half denarii, as earlier
scholars had proposed,54he argued that it was ‘einbiniooder Doppeldenar’.55it was thus a form
of debasement, albeit one that did not involve reducing the fineness. He also argued that it could
not have been called a denarius, and proposed two other possible names, both taken from the
Historia Augusta: ‘aurelianus’ or ‘antoninianus’.56neither name is regarded as credible today,
but the latter one stuck, while the term ‘aurelianus’ is now applied to the reformed radiates
of Aurelian and his successors.in spite of modern scholarly attempts to rebrand the coin as a
‘radiate’, Mommsen’s ‘antoninianus’ remains common currency.
the new coin thus took centre stage in the account of the collapse of theroman monetary
system. Its introduction by Caracalla had signified a major debasement but subsequent reductions
in fineness reduced its value still further. Proof that it was heavily overvalued could be adduced
from the number of contemporary forgeries.not only was quality to blame, but quantity too: for
Mommsen, the huge size of antoninianus hoards illustrated the oversupply of currency and its
general worthlessness.57eventually the coin became a valueless token, like paper money, that
confirmed the State’s bankruptcy between the reign of Gallienus and Diocletian’s reforms:
Kevin Butcher
46Mommsen 1851; 1860.
471851: 218; 1860: 767-9.
48Mommsen 1860: 767.
491860: 758-9.
501860: 826.
511860: 826.
52elagabalus:SHASeverus Alexander 39; Mommsen 1860:
827; gold of varying weight: 1860: 826.
531860: 830.
54E.g. Pinkerton 1808: 141-2.
551860: 828.
56Aurelianus:SHAProbus4.5-6;antoninianus:SHA
Bonosus 15.8.
57Mommsen 1860: 830.
188‘Das gesammte römische Münzwesen in der Epoche von Gallienus bis auf die Mitte der Regierung
Diocletians lässt sich dahin charakterisieren, dass der Bankerott in Permanenz und die Münze, die diesen
Bankrott ausdrückte und in der er sich vollzog, das Papiergeld jener Zeit, der Antoninianus war.’58
in the Duc de Blacas’s French translation of theMünzwesenthis passage is faithfully
reproduced, but with a significant embellishment:
“Le système monétaire romain, depuis l’époque de Gallienus jusqu’au milieu du règne de Diocletien,
peut être considéré comme une banqueroute en permanence. La monnaie qui servit à consommer cette
banqueroute fut l’Antoninianus que l’on pourrait appeler l’assignatde cette époque.”59
the reference to ‘assignats’ in this context is interesting.these were paper notes issued by
the French revolutionary authorities between 1789 and 1796, and initially were backed up by
property confiscated from the church and (later) the aristocracy.60to begin with, they were
successful in reducing government debt, but later, with the government unable to plug the gap
between income and expenditure, the State came to rely on the issue of assignats to cover its
debts. With no proper restriction of their supply, the value of the assignats came to surpass
the value of the property, and they were seen as the cause of hyperinflation. Like Diocletian,
the Government tried to halt rising prices by setting price ceilings in themaximum général
of September 1793 and, like Diocletian’s Edict, themaximumultimately failed. Hyperinflation
reached 80% in June 1795.61this comparison with the assignat established a direct association
between the antoninianus, fiscal deficits, and hyperinflation caused by oversupply of money –
themes still associated with the denomination today.
not everyone agreed with Mommsen’s argument about the value ofcaracalla’s antoninianus.
Friederich Hultsch considered its weight and fineness to be an indicator of its value (which he
argued was 1¼ denarii or 5 sestertii), so that its introduction did not represent a debasement.62
The story of third century hyperinflation, so central to modern accounts of the evolution of
roman coinage, had yet to achieve notoriety.it seems to have been of little interest to the
majority of nineteenth-century numismatists, still less was the idea of the antoninianus as an
overvalued double denarius considered a key fact in the history ofroman coinage.henricohen,
whoseDescription historique des monnaies frappées sous l’empire romainbecame the standard
reference until the publication ofRIC, had almost nothing to say on matters of fineness and
metrology.63Stevenson’sDictionary of Roman Coins(1889) has no entry for ‘antoninianus’,
nor does he mention the denomination under the entries for ‘caracalla’ or ‘denarius’; the only
acknowledgement appears to be under the entry for ‘Balbinus’ (one of the emperors of AD 238
who reintroduced the antoninianus), where he noted that ‘the large-sized silver of this emperor
has the head with radiated crown’ whereas ‘the smaller size has the head laureated’, and under
the entry for ‘Pupienus’.64Perhaps this lack of interest in the inflationary potential of debasement
and overproduction of coins need occasion no surprise.in the late nineteenth century the leading
world economies (Britain, the United States and Germany) had no inflation; instead, from about
DEBASEMEnTAnDTHEDECLInEOFROME
58Mommsen 1860: 830.
59Mommsen 1873: 147.
60On the assignat inflation, see White 1995; on the objects
themselves, see Lafaurie 1981.
61White 1995: 246.
621862: 242-3.
63Cohen 1880.
64Stevenson 1889: 122, referencing Akerman 1834 I: 462.
Under Pupienus Stevenson notes ‘the silver is of two sizes,
the larger of which exhibits the head of this emperor with
the radiated crown’ (1889: 670).
1891880 to 1913 they were experiencing slight deflation.65the assignats were a distant memory;
besides, they had been made of paper, not precious metal.
The first volume ofPaulys Real-Encyclopädie(1894) contained an entry on the ‘antoninianus’
by Wilhelm Kubitschek.he reported Mommsen’s idea that it was a double denarius and noted
hultsch’s argument that it was worth 1¼, but conceded that there was no agreement on the
denomination’s value.66the uncertainty, or indifference, carried over from the nineteenth to the
twentieth centuries. George Francis Hill in his handbook of 1899 noted the ‘degradation of the
silver coinage in the third century’ but has little to say about its effects.67
however, some were in favour of Mommsen’s interpretation, even if they did not credit him
with the idea. Sir John Evans, who published a large mixed hoard of denarii and antoniniani in
1898, argued (without much substance) that the ‘argenteus Antoninianus’ was worth two denarii.68
Francesco Gnecchi’s handbookRoman Coins(which may have influenced Evans) had more to
say, and his brief overview owes much to Mommsen.69Gnecchi’s sketch outlined a gradual but
continuous degradation of its silver content.nero was the first to lower the weight and fineness
of the denarius; then the base metal content rose to 15%-18% under Trajan; 20% under Hadrian;
25% under Marcus Aurelius; 30% under Commodus; and 50%-60% under Septimius Severus: the
incremental decline with which we are all familiar.he stated as fact Mommsen’s proposal that
caracalla’s new coin was ‘a Double Denarius or Argenteus Antoninianus’, thereby implying that
Double Denarius had been its original name. The Double Denarius was only 20% fine (a false
claim that even contemporaries could correct), but ‘very soon degenerated until it did not contain
more than 5% of silver and at last was hardly to be distinguished from bronze’. A brief mention was
made of a loss of public confidence, mainly because of the State’s supposed refusal to accept the
debased coin in taxes, but we find none of the drama that pervades twentieth-century accounts.70
Gradually, however, a new consensus appeared to be forming, but it was one that refuted
Mommsen’s idea that the antoninianus was a double denarius.in his own contribution to the
subject of the ‘decline and fall’ of the coinage, Sir Charles Oman argued that, since the weight of
the antoninianus was one-and-a-half times that of the denarius, it had been worth one and a half
denarii or six sestertii.71nevertheless, Oman referred to the purchasing power of ‘wretched’ later
antoniniani under Gallienus having ‘dwindled away to next to nothing’.72even so, he viewed
Caracalla’s coin as monetary adjustment, not a fiscal debasement.
More followed.in his important article on theroman monetary system, published in the
same year that theDaily Chroniclereported Lenin’s plan to destroy the power of money,e.h.
Sydenham followed the opinion of Charles Oman. The antoninianus was worth 1.5 denarii, and
its introduction represented an adjustment to the silver and gold coinage.73Sydenham reported
that his colleague,harold Mattingly, had proposed accordingly thatcaracalla’s aureus was worth
20 antoniniani or 30 denarii.74it was true that later the antoninianus became ‘a mere apology of
Kevin Butcher
65Bordo et al. 2009.
66REi,s.v.antoninianus:‘keineeinigungüberdie
ursprüngliche Wertung des A.’
67hill 1899: 51.
68Evans 1898: 2: ‘It is difficult to say what relation these
larger pieces bore in the currency to the smaller ordinary
denarii, though not improbably they were doubledenarii’.
no mention is made of Mommsen.
69For what follows, see the English translation of Gnecchi
1903 (based on his 1896 Italian version): 121-3. Again,
Mommsen is not mentioned.
70Gnecchi 1903: 122-3: ‘The discredit to which this silver
coinage had fallen was the result of greed and indeed we
may say of the dishonesty of the State which issued these
valueless coins but refused to accept them and as early as
the reign ofelagabalus ... issued a decree that the public
payments of taxes should be made in gold.’
71Oman 1916: 45.
721916: 51.
73Sydenham