This is what our brain needs to avoid developing AD. This paper is not free but it has a free introduction explaining possible accumulation of amyloid in AD.

Yesterday we got the primate study news telling us that ATH434, with moderate ferric iron affinity (Kd 10-10) [1], promotes cellular iron efflux, reduces excess brain iron, and (most likely) also reduces aggregated α-synuclein (not yet told to us), improves neuronal survival, and restores motor performance.

Accumulation of amyloid in AD and alpha-synuclein are very related and I think that we will perhaps soon get info if ATH434 will also stop amyloid accumulation in the brain. There may be better molecules to eliminate amyloid but if ATH434 works in MSA and comes to the market, ATH434 affinity to amyloid could have clinical efficacy.

J Neuroradiol

. 2023 Oct 30:S0150-9861(23)00261-4.

doi: 10.1016/j.neurad.2023.10.009. Online ahead of print.

Multimodal assessment of brain fluid clearance is associated with amyloid-beta deposition in humans

Liangdong Zhou ¹, Tracy A Butler ¹, Xiuyuan H Wang ¹, Ke Xi ¹, Emily B Tanzi ¹, Lidia Glodzik ¹, Gloria C Chiang ¹, Mony J de Leon ¹, Yi Li ²

Affiliations expand

• PMID: 37907155

DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2023.10.009

Abstract

Purpose: The present study investigates a multimodal imaging assessment of glymphatic function and its association with brain amyloid-beta deposition.

Methods: Two brain CSF clearance measures (vCSF and DTI-ALPS) were derived from dynamic PET and MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for 50 subjects, 24/50 were Aβ positive (Aβ+). T1W, T2W, DTI, T2FLAIR, and ¹¹C-PiB and ¹⁸F-MK-6240 PET were acquired. Multivariate linear regression models were assessed with both vCSF and DTI-ALPS as independent variables and brain Aβ as the dependent variable. Three types of models were evaluated, including the vCSF-only model, the ALPS-only model and the vCSF+ALPS combined model. Models were applied to the whole group, and Aβ subgroups. All analyses were controlled for age, gender, and intracranial volume.

Results: Sample demographics (N=50) include 20 males and 30 females with a mean age of 69.30 (sd=8.55). Our results show that the combination of vCSF and ALPS associates with Aβ deposition (p < 0.05, R² = 0.575) better than either vCSF (p < 0.05, R² = 0.431) or ALPS (p < 0.05, R² = 0.372) alone in the Aβ+ group. We observed similar results in whole-group analyses (combined model: p < 0.05, R² = 0.287; vCSF model: p <0.05, R² = 0.175; ALPS model: p < 0.05, R² = 0.196) with less significance. Our data also showed that vCSF has higher correlation (r = -0.548) in subjects with mild Aβ deposition and DTI-ALPS has higher correlation (r=-0.451) with severe Aβ deposition subjects.

Conclusion: The regression model with both vCSF and DTI-ALPS is better associated with brain Aβ deposition. These two independent brain clearance measures may better explain the variation in Aβ deposition than either term individually. Our results suggest that vCSF and DTI-ALPS reflect complementary aspects of brain clearance functions.