Buyers on a Bell Curve, page-32

Thats correct VPP is Cisco Intel IP they released as open source, so anyone can pick it up, as have https://www.netgate.com, VPP is used to connect sites together into mesh networks or point to point e.g. a lot of offices or data centers which is why Netgate talk about AWS and Azure inter DC usage. Cisco use VPP themselves in a number of their products. Netgate have some interesting use cases with US defense.

To extend products like these to individual devices you use VPN extensions which the standard approach.

It would be interesting to know what has been patented or put before IP lawyers